169 



Malloch (J. E.), A New Species of Johamisenomyia (Ceratopogonidae, 

 Diptera). — Entom. News, Philadelphia, xxix, no. 6, June 1918, 

 pp. 229-230. 



The author describes Johannsenomyia annuUcornis, sp. n., taken 

 in Illinois in 1916. 



Fitch (C. P.). Animal Parasites affecting Equines. — Jl. American Yet. 

 Med. Assoc, Ithaca, N.Y., liii (N.S. vi), no. 3, June 1918, 

 pp. 312-330. 



The more common external parasites affecting the horse are flies, 

 ticks and lice, as well as mosquitos in swampy localities. 



Of the biting flies attacking horses, the largest and most voracious 

 are the Tabanids, especially Tabanus atratus and T. lineola, both of 

 which are widely distributed, and the less common T. costalis, T. stygius, 

 T. punctifer and T. striatus, the last-named being found in the 

 Philippines. These insects may transmit mechanically diseases such as 

 anthrax, and also Protozoa such as Trypanosoma evansi, the cause of 

 surra. Other less common Tabanid pests are Haematopota pluvialis and 

 Chrysops coecutiens. Stomoxys calcitrans (stable-fly) is probably the 

 most widely distributed of the biting flies, and, like the Tabanids, may 

 mechanically transmit the causes of infectious diseases. Lyperosia 

 irritans {Haematobia serrata) (horn fly) is sometimes found on horses, 

 though it is more common on cattle. 



The bot-flies of horses are widely distributed, Gastrophilus equi 

 and G. nasalis being the most common, while G. haemorrhoidalis 

 occurs less frequently, and G. pecorum is said to be absent from the 

 United States. Death may result from the presence of their larvae, 

 which have been also alleged to be the cause of swamp fever or 

 infectious anaemia. The best treatment seems to be turpentine in 

 rather large doses followed by an aloes ball and carbon bisulphide 

 administered in capsules. 



Equines are not so much attacked by flesh-flies as are sheep 

 and cattle, though wounds on horses and mules are occasionally 

 infested by the larvae, especially of Chrysomyia macellaria (screw-worm 

 fly), Calliphora vomitoria (bluebottle), Lucilia caesar (greenbottle). 

 Sarcophaga carnaria (flesh-fly) and sometimes Musca dom,estica. 

 These larvae frequently have to be removed from wounds by means 

 of forceps, cleansing with disinfectants proving ineffectual. 



Simuliids are especially troublesome in certain parts of the United 

 States and by attacking animals in swarms often lead to death. The 

 most important are Simulium pecuarum and S. veniistum ; these are 

 to some extent repelled by oil of citronella, smudges, etc. 



Equines have few important tick parasites, especially in the north- 

 eastern States. In the southern and western parts, however, they 

 are quite common, especially Ornithodorus megnini (spinose ear 

 tick), Dennacentor electus (dog tick), and Ixodes ricinus (castor-bean 

 tick). 



Haematopinus macrocepkalus (asini) is the only species of sucking 

 louse that attacks equines, though there are two species of biting 

 lice, Trichodectes pilosus and T. equi (parumpilosus). The treatment 

 for these consists of clipping followed by the application of insecticide 

 dusting powders or ointments. The commonest dusting powders are 



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