172 



Galli-Valeeio (B.). Beobachtungen uber Culiciden. [Observations 

 on CuLiciDAE.] — Centralhl.Bakt.,Parasit. u. InfeHionskr. Ite Aht. 

 Orig., Jena, Ixxix, no. 3, 28th February 1917, pp. 139-143, 1 fig. 



The observations made near Lausanne, Switzerland, in 1914-1915 

 [see this Review, Ser. B, v, p. 42] were continued in 1915-16. Both 

 Culicine and Anophehne larvae were abundant during the winter, 

 as the pools were frozen over for a few days only in November and 

 January. On 9th November 1915 a pupa of Theobaldia annulata 

 was found. In March and April larvae were scarce, many pools having 

 dried up, but living larvae of Anopheles bifurcatus and Culex were 

 found in damp moss. As the first young Culicine larvae and a pupa 

 and some larvae of A. maculipennis were taken on 21st April, it is 

 very probable that larvae of the latter species also over-mntered. 

 From June to September Culicid larvae were rare in most of the 

 pools, but in some of them several thousand larvae and pupae of 

 Culex pipiens were collected from July to September. In September 

 and October larvae of Ochlerotatus (Culex) nemorosus, T. annulata and 

 A. bifurcatus were very abundant. 



In wooded areas, larvae of Anopheles plumbeus (nigripes) and 

 Ochlerotatus (Culex) ornatus were always present during the winter, 

 accompanied by Chironomus, first found on 19th July 1916 ; the pupae 

 of the first two species were abundant in summer and autumn. 

 Figures are given of six different kinds of tree-holes in which 0. ornatus 

 and A. plumbeus were found. These species were never found in 

 pools and confirmation was obtained of their dislike for light. It is 

 probable that the larvae of Culicoides pulicaris also live in tree-holes, 

 for on 7th May 1916, in the forest of Revereaz — where pools are 

 lacking — the author was bitten by several adults of this midge. 



Observations at Estavayer (Lake of Neuchatel) confirm the fact 

 that small collections of water are more favourable to Culicidae 

 than large swamps. In» towns where mosquitos are a pest it is better 

 to deal with water in gardens, yards, etc., instead of spending large 

 sums on neighbouring swamps. Pools, etc., should be completely 

 filled up, as any remaining small collection of water will teem with 

 larvae and pupae. 



During 1916 the author was not bitten by Theobaldia annulata and 

 suggests that at Vidy it has become accustomed to bite animals instead 

 of man. 



This paper concludes with brief notes on the distribution of 

 Culicidae in Switzerland. 



Vago (H. a.). Eine leicht herstellbare Entlausungsanlage zur Abto- 

 tung der Kleiderlause durch uberhitzten Dampf. [An easily 

 constructed Arrangement for killing Clothes-Lice by superheated 

 Steam.] — Bull. Inst. Pasteur, Paris, xv, no. 20, 30th October 

 1917, p. 635. (Abstract from Med. Elinik, 1916, p. 240.) 



In this apparatus the steam is generated in an ordinary kitchen 

 boiler and led to a trench in the ground, where the infested clothing 

 has been placed. At 212°-230° F. [100°-110° C] disinfection requires 

 half an hour. In this manner a company of soldiers can be dealt 

 with in 2 or 3 hours. 



