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New STEAD (E.). Polypneustic Lobes in the Larvae of Tsetse-flies 

 [Glossina) and Forest-flies (Hippoboscidae). — Ann. Trop. Med. 

 Parasit, Liverpool, xii. no. 1, 25th July 1918, pp. 93-107, 7 figs. 



This preliminary paper records the discovery that the innumerable 

 papillae on the exterior of the prominent anal lobes of the larvae 

 of tsetse-flies are actually respiratory openings, evidently functioning 

 as such during the intra-uterine life of the larva. 



Similarly, iu Hippobosca maculahi, the less prominent anal lobes are 

 distinctly polypneustic in character, but differ in that the super- 

 numerary stigmata are fewer in number and more regularly placed, 

 a very similar arrangement occurring in H. equina and Lynchia maura ; 

 while in Alelophngus ovinus the respiratory system is much reduced. 



There are also other puparia among the Diptera Cyclorrhapha that 

 have been found to possess similar appendages, though whether 

 these are in any way homologous with those in Glossina is unknown. 



Brain (C. K.). Storage of Manure and Fly Suppression at Durban 

 Remount Depot. — Jl. Econ. Entom., Concord, N.H., xi, no. 3, 

 June 1918, pp. 339-341. 



This paper describes the author's visit to the Transport and Remount 

 Mobilisation Depot, established at Durban in November 1915, chiefly 

 in connection with the military operations in East Africa, which up 

 to the present has dealt with approximately 100,000 animals, mostly 

 horses, mules and donlvcys, the average number generally maintained 

 being about 3,300, with a maximum at any one time of 10,000. 



Entomological interest centres in the fact that this depot, situated on 

 reclaimed swamp within fifteen minutes' walk of the heart of the 

 town, has not caused the slightest inconvenience to the inhabitants 

 from odours or house-flies. 



The depot is located on a low-lying site within half a mile of the 

 sea and occupies approximately 60 acres. Over this whole area, 

 drains and roads, top-dressed with cinders, were constructed, and 

 paddocks were enclosed. 



The methods of fly-control consisted in the manure and litter from 

 stalls and paddocks being collected and carted every day to huge 

 trenches previously prepared in the sand-dunes. These were dug 

 to a depth of about 10 ft. down to the clay miderlying the sand, and 

 were often 20 ft. wide and 70 ft. long. The average amount of manure 

 removed was approximately 150 to 160 Scotch-cart loads per day. 

 This was spread out in the trench to an average depth of about one 

 foot, and then covered with a thin, f in., layer of sand, ashes or earth, 

 the whole being tightly rolled or rammed down by the loaded carts 

 passing over it on following days. When a trench was full, it was 

 covered mth a foot or so of earth or sand, and thoroughly rolled for 

 2 or 3 days, no lime or disinfectant being added. This method of 

 storing results in the formation of a dense, peaty mass of manure of 

 particularly good quality, one large deposit of which has recently been 

 sold. 



The large number of flies that occurred in the stalls were constantly 



sprayed by means of a garden syringe with a solution composed of : — • 



Caustic soda 2 lb., boiling water 50 gals. j)araffin and hycol [ ? lysol], 



5 gals, of each, added while hot. In addition, baits consisting of sodium 



(C505) Wt. P2/137. 1.500. 10.18. B.&F.,Ltd. Gp.11/13. A 



