188 



A description is given of the various developmental stages and 

 their morphological characteristics. The eggs are laid singly in the 

 sand and the larva hatches out in 3 weeks — at least this was the case 

 in September when the observations were made. The larva closely 

 resembles Leptus autumnalis, Shaw. To demonstrate the transmission 

 of Japanese river fever 28 larvae were placed on a monkey, on 

 which they remained for 4 days. Only 2 of the 28 bites produced 

 small ulcers. On the seventh day the monkey began to show 

 symptoms typical of the fever. After the seventeenth day the 

 condition of the animal improved rapidly. The Japanese authors 

 believe that T. akamushi is so closely related to Leptus autumnalis 

 that it should be placed in the latter genus. 



In the second part of this paper the Italian author reviews the 

 instances where Acari, especially Ixodids, are known to transmit 

 disease ; references to existing hterature are given in each case. 



Paoli (G.). Ixodes loricatus, Neumann, e Ixodes coxaefurcatus, 

 Heums^nn.—Redia, Florence, xiii, no. 1-2, 23rd July 1918, 

 pp. 193-196, 7 figs. 



After studying some examples of Ixodes from Argentina, the author 

 has come to the conclusion that Ixodes coxaefurcatus and 7. loricatus 

 are identical, the latter name having priority. 



Warburton (C). Annual Report for 1917 of the Zoologist. — Jl. R. 



Agric. Soc. England, London, Ixxviii, 1917, pp. 217-218. 

 [Keceived 7th August 1918.] 



The treatment for cattle attacked by warble-flies [Hypoderma] 

 recommended by Mr. R. Stratton, consists in the injection of a few 

 drops of paraffin into the warble holes, by which means the grub is 

 said to be killed and quickly absorbed, without pain to the animal. 

 Stress is laid on the uselessness of the troublesome and expensive 

 custom of smearing cattle as a preventive against these flies. 



Army veterinary surgeons report the attacks in horses of a warble- 

 fly which causes swellings similar to those in cattle, but occurring 

 in different parts of the body, chiefly about the withers and in places 

 where the galhng of the harness increases their painfuhiess. Though 

 probably a true Hypoderma, very little is known about it, and at 

 present it is obviously impossible to keep infested horses idle, so that 

 its life-history may be worked out, all animals being returned to work 

 as rapidly as possible. 



Ward (H.B.). The Value of Zoology to Humanity.— /Sctmce, Lancaster, 

 Pa., xlvii, no. 1213, 29th March 1918, pp. 302-306. 



Researches in the field of protozoal diseases transmitted by insects 

 have resulted in the adoption of communal and individual habits 

 that have freed the world from the menace of malaria, a disease that 

 in all ages has exacted a heavy toll from the great nations, and which, 

 at a very recent date, claimed 200,000 victims annually in Italy alone. 



The demonstration of the role of the mosquito in transmitting 

 yellow fever rendered possible the building of the Panama canal, 

 while the discoveries of the insects inoculating and spreading sleeping 



