192 



Espinosa-Tamayo (L.). Ueber die pathologische Geographie von 

 Ekuador. [The Pathological Geography of Ecuador.]— y4rc^. /. 

 Schiffs- u. Tropen- Hygiene, Leipzig, xxi, no. 17, September 1917, 

 pp. 285-291. 



This paper briefly summarises the results of a study of the distribution 

 of disease in Ecuador. The first section deals with diseases due to 

 insect parasites. In the damp coast regions Stegomyia fasciata, the 

 yellow fever mosquito, and Anopheles {Cellia) alhimanus, Wied., a 

 malaria carrier, are abundant ; they are not found elsewhere. 

 Dennatophilus (Sarcopsylh) penetrans, L., is very common on the 

 coast, while other fleas are found both there and in the Andean regions. 

 The human flea, Pulex irritans, the rat fleas, P. dugesi, Baker, and 

 Xenopsylla cheopis. Roths., and the dog flea, CAenocephalus canis 

 {serraticeps, Gerv.), were among the specimens sent from Guayaquil, 

 Among theRhynchota was a species of Triatoma [Conorhinus). Cimex 

 hemiptera {rotundatus. Sign.) is common in ill-kept houses in Ecuador. 

 Lice are to be met with everywhere and constitute a real plague. 

 Specimens of Pediculus humanus and P. capitis were received. The 

 latter were dark brown when taken from Indians and light brown 

 when from Europeans. PhtJiirius pubis also occurs in all parts of 

 the country. Ticks are very common on the coast. Some specimens 

 received were determined by Nuttall as Amblyomma cajennense, 

 A. ynacidatum and Dennacentor nitens. 



PiELSTiCKER (F.). Die Malaria in Rumanien und ihre Bekampfung 

 bis zum Jahre 1916. [Malaria in Rumania and Anti-malarial 

 Measures up to 1916.] — Arch. f. Schiffs- u. Tropeti- Hygiene, 

 Leipzig, xxi, no. 19, October 1917, pp. 317-329, 1 sketch map. 



This paper is compiled from Rumanian records for the twelve 

 years ending 1916. The whole country has been malarious for 

 centuries. The mountainous districts are not very much affected, 

 while the region between the Sereth and Pruth suffers most, and the 

 Danube districts and Dobrudja nearly as much. The mortality is 

 decidedly less than that in Italy and this is due to the predominance 

 of the benign tertian form, though quartan and malignant tertian 

 also occur. In Wallachia fresh cases appear about mid -June and 

 three weeks later in northern Moldavia. The carriers are Anopheles 

 maculipennis and A. sinensis var. pseudopictus, the former 

 predominating. Measures against malaria were first planned in 1894, 

 but have remained a dead letter. Prophylactic quinine is said to 

 have given excellent results. 



Brack ( — ). Pappatacimucken und Pappatacierkrankungen. [Sand- 

 flies and Sand-fly Fever.] — Arch. f. Schiffs- u. Tr open- Hygiene, 

 Leipzig, xxi, no. 23-24, December 1917, pp. 381-398. 



The observations recorded here were made on the Turkish coast. 

 The author beheves wind to be an important factor in the prevalence 

 of sand-flies [Phlehoto7m(s\ When strong winds blow on the coast, 

 very few are to be seen, and they are also absent in liigh situations, 

 none being found for weeks on a 600-foot height on the coast nor on 

 a much lower hill, partly rising out of the sea. Other observers 



