193 



have found Phlebototnus at altitudes of 3,000 feet, and the explanation 

 of their absence in this case appears to he in the continual winds, 

 for sand-flies abounded in a neighbouring valley. These pests dislike 

 tobacco smoke and the Turkish habit of cigarette smoking is an 

 excellent means of repelling them. A fine-mesh net also affords 

 real protection. 



The floors of buildings should be of concrete, and doors and windows 

 must be screened with fine gauze. The air should be in constant 

 motion and ventilators must therefore be fitted where necessary. 



The paper concludes with a note that in the fever season several 

 horses were attacked with a fever which lasted two days. 



Mense (C). Handbuch der Tropenkrankheiten. [Handbook of 

 Tropical Diseases.] — Leipzig, Joh. Ambros. Barth, 1917, 2nd 

 Edition, vol. v, 1st Hall Price M.32. [Review in Arch. f. 

 Schiffs- u. Tropen- Hygiene, Leipzig, xxi, no. 22-24, December 



1917, p. 404.] 



In this first half of Vol. V of Mense's Handbook, H. Ziemann treats 

 of malaria in detail. The book contains 500 pages, numerous coloured 

 plates and text-figures and is said to be quite up to date. 



DE Raadt (0. L. E.). Trockene Hitze als Mittel zur Abtdtung von 

 Rattenflohen. [Dry Heat as a Means for killing Rat Fleas.] — 

 ArcJi.f. Schiffs- u. Tr open-Hygiene, Leipzig, xxii, no. 1, January 



1918, pp. 1-3. 



Rat fleas are very susceptible to heat, and this was confirmed by 

 experiments wliich the author made at Malang, Dutch East Indies. 

 Xenopsylla cheopis is killed in 15 minutes by dry heat at 50° C. [122 F.]. 

 If the fleas are hidden in natural shelters, heating must be continued 

 for not less than 45 minutes. This is necessary because evaporation 

 from the skin of the rat considerably lowers the temperature round 

 the flea. For anti-plague work the author advises the use of dry 

 heat to kill fleas on rats that have succumbed to fumigation with 

 carbon monoxide. 



Regendanz (P.). Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Malaria in Rumanien. 



[A Contribution to the Knowledge of Malaria in Rumania.] — 

 Arch.f. Schiffs- u. Tropen- Hygiene, Leipzig, xxii, no. 3, February 

 1918, pp. 33-40. 



After the German army of occupation had taken up its quarters 

 in Rumania early measures were adopted against the probable outbreak 

 of malaria in summer. This paper records the observations made 

 in connection with them and describes the occurrence of malaria on 

 the lower reaches of the Sereth river. In this region, and also between 

 it and the mountains, tertian malaria is endemic. The only Anopheline 

 found was Anopheles maculipennis. It is not abundant in this region ; 

 but is more frequently met with near and on the Sereth. The 

 temperature needed for the plasmodia to develop in the mosquito 

 was reached at the end of June, when the day temperature was usually 

 over 25° C. [76° F.] and the night temperature only exceptionally 

 fell below 16° C. [61° F.] 



