195 



Koizumi (T.), Yamaguchi (K.) & Tonomura (K.). A Study of Dengue 

 Fever. Part 2. — Taiwan Igakukai Zasshi [Jl. Formosa Med. Soc], 

 no. 177, 28th July 1917, pp. 432-463. [Abstract in China Med. 

 JL, Shanghai, xxxii, no. 4, July 1918, pp. 357-359.] 



As regards the mosquito transmission of dengue, Kojima and 

 Akagi reported in the negative after experimenting with 

 Taeniorhynchus (Mansonia) uniformis and Armigeres [Desvoidya) 

 ohturhans on ten patients and obtaining only one positive result. 

 The present authors used Stegomyia albopicfa {scutellaris), which bites 

 chiefly in the evening, Culexfatigans, C. impellens, Armigeres ohturhans, 

 which is seldom found in villages, and Taeniorhynchus uniformis 

 (which is also rare near human habitations). Seven experiments 

 were made and positive results were obtained with S. albopicta in one 

 of two experiments with this species, and with A. ohturhans. All 

 the experiments were open to the objection that the volunteers were 

 not under observation in confinement for a sufficient time before 

 the work began, and while the mosquito theory is thus strengthened, 

 so far as mechanical transmission is concerned, it is not absolutely 

 proved. 



Gill (Major C. A.). Report on Malaria in Amritsar, together with a 

 Study of Endemic and Epidemic Malaria, and an Account of the 

 Measures necessary for their Control. — Supt. Govt. Printing, 

 Punjab, Lahore, 1917, ii + 98 + vii pp., 4 maps, 8 charts. 

 Price Rs. 3. 



This report on the malaria survey carried out from December 1913 

 to October 1914 in Amritsar and its immediate environs gives a detailed 

 account of the survey and illustrates the numerous factors requiring 

 study before a useful application of the general principles of malaria 

 prevention can be made. 



The local history of malaria is reviewed for 44 years. The 

 Anophehne mosquitos found were Anojjheles culicifacies, perhaps the 

 most important malaria carrier in the Punjab and found «in spring 

 and autumn, but relatively rare ; A. fuliginosus, most common in 

 spring, but met with throughout the year and the only one found 

 in winter ; A. stephensi, fairly numerous in spring and autumn ; 

 A. listoni; A. rossi ; A. pulcherrimus ; and A. nigerrimus. The 

 first four are known carriers of malaria, while the part played by A. rossi 

 has yet to be determined. This last occurs essentially in autumn, 

 at which season it is the largely predominant species ; its breeding- 

 places include almost every water collection in Amritsar. These 

 species are the ones usually met with in the Punjab plains in contra- 

 distinction to certain others, such as A. maculatus and A. willmori, 

 the geographical distribution of which is limited for the most part 

 to the immediate vicinity of the water-courses in the submontane 

 hill tracts of the Punjab. Watson has suggested that the great 

 epidemics of malaria may be due to the migration of the hill species 

 to the plains, but the combined observations of Christophers and 

 the author have failed to discover a single specimen of the hill species 

 in Amritsar, where they are ill-adapted to live. No observations 

 however have yet been made at the time of an epidemic. 



