196 



The Culicines captured in the course of the investigations included 

 Oulex fatigans, C. pipiens, C. concolor, Stegomyia fasciata (calopus), 

 S. albopida {scutellaris), S. thomsoni, Annigeres (Desvoidya) obturbans, 

 and Chrysoconops pygmaeus. 



The seasonal prevalence of AnopheUnes in the Punjab is now well 

 known and is dealt with very briefly. With regard to the periods 

 of relatively increased- prevalence in Amritsar in the spring and 

 autumn, it is pointed out that the spring rise is much less marked 

 than the autumn one, which is also longer sustained. The monthly 

 incidence of deaths from fever shows a considerable correlation with 

 the occurrence of AnopheUnes. Breeding-places in and around 

 Amritsar are extraordinarily plentiful. Temporary collections of 

 rain water and puddles contained A. fidiginosus in spring and A. rossi 

 in autumn, in which latter season the shallow open rain-water pools 

 harboured A. culicifacies, found in spring in permanent waters only. 

 The usual permanent breeding-places were ponds with shallow grassy 

 and weedy edges, storm-water channels, and irrigation channels after 

 the flow of water has been cut off. Well-filled reservoirs with walls 

 of masonry used for washing and shallow wells in constant use did not 

 harbour larvae to any extent, the former probably on account of 

 the presence of soap and other materials. A. rossi was least affected 

 by organic pollution, v/hile A. culicifacies preferred water of a fair 

 degree of purity. A. culicifacies was not found breeding in wells, 

 whereas A. rossi, A. stephensi and A. fuliginosus were found there 

 as well as in the other permanent waters. 



A systematic search for adult mosquitos was made in houses, mostly 

 uninhabited, stables and cowsheds. In June 1914 the result was 

 completely negative, but observations made in November 1913, 

 April and September 1914, agreed roughly with the larval survey. 

 In April 1914 A. fuliginosus was abundant in parts of the civil station. 

 In one cowshed over 200, all females, were taken in about half an hour, 

 though no breeding place was discovered at that time. In the autumn 

 adults of A. rossi everywhere predominated, but A. stephensi, 

 A. fuliginosus and A. culicifacies were captured in fair numbers, with 

 a few A. pulcherrimus. 



The last part of the report deals with the prevention of malaria. 

 The local application of drainage, control of irrigation, water supply, 

 treatment of breeding-places ^ screening and quinine administration 

 are considered. Stress is laid on the fact that attention to the 

 elementary principles of domestic hygiene and urban sanitation 

 is an anti-malarial measure of considerable importance. 



Bentley (C. a.). Experimental Anti-Malarial Measures. — Tenth 

 Triennial Report on Vaccination in Bengal for the Years 1914-15, 

 1915-16 and 1916-17, Calcutta, The Bengal Secretariat Book 

 Depot, 1917. Price 9 annas or lOd. [Abstract in Trop. Dis. 

 Bull, London, xi, no. 5, 15th May 1918, pp. 376-377.) 



In the Bengal Presidency a beginning has been made with three 

 out of four schemes designed by the author as experiments in anti- 

 malarial operations. In two of the schemes the silt- laden waters of 

 certain rivers are to be taken in during the floods so as to reduce 

 areas of mosquito breeding edges by converting a large number of 



