208 



of an individual containing flagellates in the neighbourhood of a punc- 

 ture or abrasion or by the passage of cystic forms in the faeces. There 

 is no direct evidence in favour of the first hypothesis and no evidence 

 of the existence of cystic forms in the faeces. If it be supposed that 

 kala-azar is transmitted by the bug in a similar maimer to the trans- 

 transmission of spirochaetosis by lice, it might be expected that the 

 disease would be more common and spread more rapidly. The 

 difference in habits of the two insects must however be borne in mind, 

 as well as the fact that L. donovani does not survive very long in any 

 one bug and is not transmitted to its offspring. It is clear that a 

 reservoir of kala-azar must be at hand in the shape of a human being 

 suffering from the disease if the bugs in a dwelling are to remain 

 dangerous. It is considered unlikely that the bed-bug is responsible 

 for the spread of Leishmania tropica and some other blood-sucking 

 insect is probably concerned. 



Knowles (R.). Notes on Some Results in Kala-azar. — Indian Jl. 

 Med. Research, Calcidta, v, no. 4, April 1918, pp. 548-566, 

 [Received 12th August 1918.] 



The second part of this paper comprises a discussion on the intestinal 

 parasites present in cases of kala-azar. Ankylostoma duodenale is 

 suggested as a possible carrier, though investigations have as yet 

 given only negative results. The question of possible hereditary 

 transmission of the flagellate or some developmental form of L. donovani 

 either in the bed-bug or the hookworm is considered worthy of study. 



Baini Peashad. The Thorax and Wing of the Mosquito {Anopheles). 

 — Indian Jl. Med. Research, Calcutta, v, no. 4. April 1918, 

 pp. 610-640, 5 plates. [Received 12th August 1918.] 



This anatomical paper discusses the technique of dissecting mosquitos 

 and describes the structure of the thorax and its appendages. 

 Anopheles willmori, James, is the species studied in respect of the 

 thorax and base of the wing, and A. lindesayi, Giles, as regards the 

 venation. Other mosquitos used in the investigation were A. maculi- 

 pennis, Meig.. Theobaldia Imigiareolata, Macq.. and Culex faligans, 

 Wied. 



Baini Prashad. The Development of the Dorsal Series of Thoracic 

 Imaginal Buds of the Mosquito, and Certain Observations on the 

 Phylogeny of the Insects. — Indian Jl. Rhd. Research. Calcutta, v. 

 no. 4, April 1918, pp. 641-654, 5 plates. [Received 12th August 

 1918.] 



In this paper the dorsal series of thoracic imaginal buds of the 

 larva of Anopheles willmori, James, is described at length and the 

 further development of these into the various organs of the imago is 

 traced. Larvae and pupae of Culex fatigans, Meig., and C. mimeticaSy 

 No6, were also examined for comparison. Some observations on the 

 larval growth, the larval moults, the formation of the pupa and the 

 emergence of the adult are also recorded. The paper concludes with 

 a discussion of the phylogeny of the insects. 



