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Hehir (Col. P.). The Prevention of Malaria in Cantonments. — Ivdian 

 Med. Gaz., Calcutta, liii, no. 4, April 1918, pp. 130-134. 



Malaria is in India the dominating cause of inefficiency in troops 

 in both, peace and war ; while the majority of cases are relapses, the 

 initial infection is frequently acquired in cantonments. The necessity 

 for a thorough preliminary enquiry into the malaria conditions of a 

 cantonment is insisted upon, while the breeding habits and bionomics 

 of local Anophelines generally should be studied and a determination 

 made as to the species that are the local natural carriers. Fresh 

 breeding places for Anophelines are constantly being created in many 

 cantonments. Borrow-pits are still being formed in the process of 

 road making, in the course of military training and for other purposes. 



The chief anti-mosquito measures in cantonments include rough 

 canahsation of streams, irrigation canals and water-courses generally ; 

 levelling, grading and embanking of rain-water channels, ditches 

 and roadside drains ; filling up of tanks, borrow-pits, excavations 

 and depressions ; covering of disused wells ; covering with mosquito- 

 proof material or periodical emptying of water cisterns ; filling up 

 excavations for bullock runs ; treating all small collections of water 

 that camiot be abolished with some larvicide once a week ; preventing 

 where possible excavations for building purposes within cantonments ; 

 removal of briciv factories from cantonment limits, and disuse of grass 

 farms within half a mile of barracks when these are near the breeding 

 grounds of Anophelines, or are themselves such breeding grounds. 

 The cantonment mosquito gangs, which are chiefly engaged in treating 

 collections of surface water with kerosene, should be employed in doing 

 much of the work, which should be carried out systematically under 

 the supervision of the malaria officer, senior medical officer and medical 

 officers of units. It is considered possible to reduce both Anophelines 

 and malaria in cantonments if a thorough and continuous anti-malarial 

 poUcy be adopted from year to year. 



The hfe-cycle of the malaria parasite in the blood and its relation 

 to relapses are discussed and the effect of quinine prophylaxis is dealt 

 with. Records indicate that in those malarious stations in which 

 curative quinine treatment is more persistently carried out, relapses 

 are decidedly fevver than in those in which quinine treatment is adopted 

 in a half-hearted way. The best anti-malarial results so far have been 

 obtained in places where all preventive measures have been put into 

 operation more or less simultaneously and continued over a long 

 period, 



Richardson (E. R.). Malaria Prevention in Malacca. — Indian Med. 

 Gaz., Calcutta, liii, no. 7, July 1918, pp. 270-274. 



These notes on the subject of re^luction of mosquitos and their 

 breeding grounds have been written in the hope of promoting co- 

 operation between the medical officers and others concerned in Malaya, 

 The problem is dealt with chiefly from an engineer's point of view ; 

 the three main methods discussed are subsoil drainage, oil-spraying 

 and the retention of close vegetation on water-laden areas, or re- 

 afforestation. Attention is drawn to the fact that mosquitos are 

 able to change their habits. In areas in Johore where there were 

 very large numbers of Anopheles maculatus it was found that after 



