223 



heavy rain or oiling this species was found in potsherds and pans. 

 This indicates the importance of storm flushing in nature. Drainage 

 is considered the most important measure in anti-mosquito work. 

 The importance of destruction of larvae is emphasised, and particularly 

 of those bred in the side drains, which can be most economically 

 controlled by flushing. A trap for destroying adult mosquitos is 

 described. This consists of an artificial ])ond, the water-level of 

 which is raised to flood grass and shrubs to any depth required, and 

 the flow through the pond conveyed away through an underflow 

 gate, which may, if necessary, be converted into an underflow flushing 

 gate. The surface of the water is oiled, and when first put into 

 operation quickly becomes covered with mosquitos that settle on the 

 surface. Such a trap should be made in the vicinity of existing 

 breeding-grounds, and side drains might be excavated to drain these 

 into the trap. 



Breinl (A.). Half-yearly Report from 1st July to 31st December 



1917. — Australian Inst. Trop. Med., Toivnsville, Queensland, 

 15th May 1918, pp. 6-8. [Received 4th September 1918.] 



During the month of July 1917, a malaria survey was undertaken 

 of the township of Cairns, a low-lying coastal town with a white 

 population numbering 5.193. The to^\Ti is surrounded on three 

 sides by ground gradually ascending to high hills, densely covered 

 with shrub, while the township is intersected by swamps, several of 

 them containing salt water, others fresh. The former are covered 

 by a dense growth of mangroves and the latter by fairly dense scrub, 

 while the swamps surrounding many of the houses hardly ever dry up. 



The mosquito, Anopheles {NyssorhyncJiKs) annulipes, which most 

 probably acts as a malaria carrier has peculiar breeding habits. The 

 larvae are practically never found in deep water and do not require 

 it to be clear and fresh, but prefer shallow pools of dirty water con- 

 taining vegetable growth, or brackish and even salt water. This 

 species is not a house mosquito, and does not deposit its eggs in rain- 

 water tanks or water receptacles in dwelhngs, but it flies from the 

 swamp into houses, and, after feeding, returns to oviposit. 



A collection of 657 blood samples from famihes that had recently 

 suffered from fever, and from apparently chronic cases, showed that 

 88 were infected with malarial parasites, 45 of which were those 

 of benign tertian fever, and 43 those of malignant tertian. No para- 

 sites of quartan malaria were encountered. Of the individuals whose 

 blood was examined, 13 '5 per cent, were found to be malaria carriers, 

 thus proving that malaria is widely spread in Cairns and that the 

 problem of eradication is one that requires immediate and vigorous 

 measures. 



CocKERELL (T. D. A.) & Scott (J. T.). Culicidae of Colorado.— JL 

 Econ. Entom., Concord, N.H.,xi, no. 4, August 1918, pp. 387-388. 



Aedes cinereus, Mg., new to the State of Colorado, is here recorded, 

 and other species already known are reported from new localities, 

 including Aedes curriei, A. vexans, A. nigromaculis, and A. aldrkhl. 



