225 



CoNNAL (A.) & CoGHiLL (H. S.) Medical Entomology. — Rept. Med. 

 Research Inst, for 1916, Lagos, Nigeria, [n. d.], pp. 26-28. 

 [Received 6th September 1918.] 



The mosquitos recorded during the year were : — Anopheles costalisy 

 A. funestus, A. jnaiiriiiamis, A. theileri, A. nili, Stegomyia fasciata, 

 S. afric-ana, S. hiteocephala, Culex rima, C. insignis, C. fatigans, 

 C. thalassius, C. decens, C. grahami, C. duttoni, C. consimilis, C. pruina, 

 C. iigripes, Ochlerotatns irriians, 0. nigricephalus, TJranolaenia annu- 

 lata, Cidiciomgia nebulosa, Micraedes inconspicuosa, Mansonioides 

 uniformis, M. africanns, Mucidus mucidus and BanJcsinella lineatopennis 

 {luteolateralis). 



Tahanids taken inchided : — Tahanus iaeniola, T. thoracinus, 

 T. sociaUs, T. riificrus, T. Sagittarius, T. kingsleyi, T. secedens, T. quadri- 

 signatus, T. fasciatus, T. oomhustus, T. hesti, Chrysops silaeea, C. longi- 

 cornis and Hippocentrum, versicolor. 



Other Diptera recorded were : — Culicoides grahami, Simulium 

 damnosum, Glossina palpalis, G. caliginea, G. tachinoides, Stomoxys 

 omega, Hippobosca macuhla and Cordylobia anthropophaga. 



The flea, Ctenocephahis canis ; the bed-bug, Cimex hemiptera 

 {rotundatus), and the ticks, Margaropus {BoophUiis) anmdatus, 

 Rhipicephalus sanguineus, and Amblyomma variegatum, from horses 

 and dogs, were also taken. 



Byam (Major W.), Carroll (Capt. J. H.), Churchill (Lieut. J. H.), 

 DiMOND (Capt. L.), Lloyd (Lieut. LI.), Sorapure (Capt. V. E.), 

 and Wilson (Lieut. R. M.). Trench Fever -a Louse-borne 

 Disease. — Trans. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., London, xi, no. 7, June 

 1918, pp. 237-284. [Received 10th September 1918.] 



The evidence obtained from experimental work may be summarised 

 as follows : — (1) The whole blood from febrile trench fever cases, up 

 to the 51st day of disease, when injected intravenously, is capable 

 of reproducing the disease, the incubation period in such infections 

 varying greatly, from 5 to 20 days ; (2) the virus as contained in the 

 circulating blood is destroyed by the addition of distilled water in 

 large quantities ; (3) the bites alone of infective lice do not produce 

 trench fever ; (4) the excreta of infective hce when apphed to a 

 broken surface of skin do readily produce trench fever, the incubation 

 period of such infections being remarkably constant and averaging 

 eight days ; (5) the excreta passed by lice fed on trench fever patients 

 are not infective till the expiration of not less than five days from the 

 beginning of the feeding on trench fever blood, thus indicating a 

 development cycle in the louse or a period during which the organism 

 multiplies ; (6) once lice are infective, they remain so till at least 

 the 23rd day from the date of their infection ; (7) the virus of trench 

 fever, as contained in infected louse excreta^ is capable of withstanding 

 drying at room temperature, exposure to sunlight, keeping for not 

 less than 16 days, and heating to 133° F. for 20 minutes ; (8) a 

 temperature of 176° F. for 10 minutes destroys the virus, which is 

 therefore not a spore-bearing organism ; (9) the bodies of infected 

 lice when crushed upon the broken skin are capable of producing 

 trench fever, the period at which hce become thus infective bjiitt^nffp" 

 yet determined ; (9a) active trench fever blood equivaUnt ,*.tDr 'the 



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