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WiLLcocKS (F. C). Notes on some Insects found in Egypt of Medical 

 and Veterinary Interest. — Bull. Soc. Entom. d^Egypte, Cairo, x, 

 no. 3, July-September, 1917, pp. 79-90. [Received 22nd October 

 1918.] 



Attention is drawn to the fact that Egypt has as yet contributed 

 very little to the subject of medical, veterinary or economic entomology, 

 and very little is known in Egypt regarding the biology of any insect 

 of importance to that country. This paper contains notes on various 

 Diptera, including Phlebotomns papatasii, Scop., which is the vector of 

 three-day or sand-fly fever. The females apparently lay their eggs deep 

 down in the soil, where the larvae are found ; these also occur in drains, 

 damp cellars and such places. Mosquitos in Egypt require further 

 study. Information is desirable regarding the summer habits and 

 breeding-places of Anophelines, in order that it may be known 

 whence the areas flooded by infiltration from a high Nile become 

 so quickly infested by hosts of Anopheles {Cellia) and several species 

 of Culicine larvae that are found in such situations. Information is also 

 required as to which of the 4 or 5 species of Anopheles inhabiting Egypt 

 are malaria carriers. It is recorded that Theobaldia longiareolata 

 •{spathipalpiti), a giant mosquito, has recently been found to bite fiercely 

 and painfully. The only Simuliid known to occur in Egypt is Simnlium 

 griseicollis, recorded from Assuan. The Simuliids have been connected 

 with the disease known as pellagra in Italy, but it is not definitely 

 known whether they are vectors of the disease. While pellagra is by no 

 means unknown in Egypt, Simuliids are very rare, possibly owing 

 to the fact that they require running water for the immature stages to 

 live in. Chironomids include Leptoconops kerteszi and Culicoides sp., 

 both of which are abundant in certain localities, and may possibly 

 have some connection \vith pellagra. Tabanids include Tabanus 

 agrestis, T. siifis, T. iaeniola and T. ditaeniatus. In the oases of Western 

 Egypt there is a disease of camels that causes much trouble at certain 

 seasons when Tabanids are common. About Cairo T. taeniola and 

 T. agrestis are most numerous, the former being the most abundant 

 species in Egypt. Oestrids include Gastrophilus equi and G. equi var. 

 asininus. Cephalomyia maculata, is found in the camel, the larvae living 

 in the pharynx. The hfe-history of this species is not known. Oestrus 

 avis and Rhinoestrus (0.) purpureus are nasal bot-flies the larvae of 

 which live in the nasal passages of sheep and horses, respectively. 

 Hypoderma bovis occurs, but whether it is a common pest is 

 not known. Muscids include Stomoxys calcitrayis, Muscina stabulans, 

 a species of Fannia {Hotnalomyia) very similar to if not identical 

 with F. canicularis, Miisca domestica and a species near to or identical 

 with M. autumnalis {corvina). The house-fly problem requires 

 investigation in Egypt, especially in the large cities, where insanitary 

 conditions prevail and fly-borne diseases are rife. Calliphora sp. and 

 Luc.ilia sp. both occur without being particularly abundant. 

 Sarcophagids include Wohlfartia magnijica, which is recorded as 

 attacking man in Egypt, and Sarcophaga falculata, Pand., which may 

 possibly be one of the species that oviposits in wounds on animals. 

 Hippoboscids include Hippobosca equina, on horses, mules, donkeys, 

 and cattle ; H. camelina on the camel ; and H. capensis on dogs. 



