12 



Kleine (F. K.). Die Uebertragung von Filarien durch Chrysops. 

 [The Transmission of Filaria by Chr//sops.] — Zeitschr. f. Hyg. v. 

 Infekt.-Kmnkh., Leipzig, Ixxx, 1915, p. 345. 



Owing to the War, the author was compelled to remain in the 

 interior of Kamerun, where he devoted his time to searching for the 

 carrier of Filaria loa. Six hundred female Chrysops were dissected 

 and 32 (5 "3 per cent.) were found to be infested with Filaria larvae. 

 In 9 cases (To per cent.) the process of maturation had reached com- 

 pletion. Twenty dissections are described in detail. On leaving the 

 intestine in the abdomen the organisms migrate to the fatty tissue 

 surrounding the fine branches of the tracheae. Here they remain 

 motionless at first, becoming mobile only on attaining from ^-h of 

 their final length. At first slugorish, their movements increase in 

 rapidity. The salivary glands were not infested, though it is noted 

 that Leiper has recorded Filaria in the salivary glands of Chrysops. 

 Contrary to what happens in the case of trypanosomiasis infection of 

 Glossina, a diminution of infection must take place in Chrysops each 

 time feeding occurs, as there is no increase of the worms in the insect. 

 It was not possible to prove definitely that the Filaria present were 

 the larvae of F. loa, but the widespread distribution of the latter and 

 the preference shown by Chrysops for human blood point to this being 

 the case. 



Van Saceghem (E.). Contribution a I'Etude de la Transmission du 



Trypanosoma cazalboui. [Contribution to the Study of the Trans- 

 mission of Trypanosoma cazalboui.] — Ball. Soc. Path. Exot., 

 Paris, IX, no. 8, 11th October 1916, pp. 569-573. 



While trypanosomiasis is undoubtedly transmitted to animals by 

 Glossina, some trypanosomes seem to be transmitted exclusively by 

 these flies, for example, T. brucei-pecaudi, T. congolense-dimorphon 

 and T. rhodesiense, while others become attached to the proboscis of 

 various blood-suckers when attacking an infected animal and thus 

 serve to inoculate others. Surra, caused by T. evansi, is transmitted 

 by Stomoxys nigra in this w^ay, according to Daruty de Grandpre, 

 while among other investigators Lecse has obtained positive results 

 in the transmission of surra by Tabanas, Haemalopota and Stomoxys. 

 Mai de Caderas, caused by T. equinmn, isbeheved to be transmitted by 

 Tabanids and Stomoxys calcitrans. The experiments of Bouet and 

 Roubaud have proved that trypanosomes in the Sahara are readily 

 transmitted by Stomoxys, which may remain virulent for two or three 

 days. Sergent records a case of transmission of T. soudanense var. 

 berbera after 22 hours, by a species of Tabanus. T. cazalboui differs from 

 any of the above-mentioned in that it can be transmitted equally well, 

 even in its natural state, either by Glossina or by other blood-suckers. 

 This species infects Glossina at the proboscis only, thus rendering trans- 

 mission much easier than in the case of trypanosomes which require to 

 undergo a cycle in the fly before being transmitted to another host. 

 Experiments made by Boufltard at Bamako have proved the possibility 

 of the actual transmission of T. cazalbo'ui by Stomoxys to an ox kept 

 behind wire-netting, and this has been confirmed by Bouet and 

 Roubaud. C-ases caused by T. cazalboui have been observed in Eritrea 

 and in the province of Kasiiala in the Egyptian Soudan, where no 



