21 



game examined, 9 per cent. Avere found infected with T. nanum, but none 

 with T. brucei, nor was T. brucei obtained in feeding experiments. 

 In the C'hopi, Victoria Nile and Bugungu districts, G. palpalis and 

 G. 7)iorsitans were found and T. bnicei was obtained once in a feeding 

 experiment with G. morsitans. Twenty head of game were examined and 

 19 per cent, were found to be infected with trypanosomes, but none 

 were of the T. brucei type. The various strains of T. brucei obtained 

 were compared and appear to belong to the same species. 



The conclusion is arrived at that a trypanosome of the T. brucei 

 group is widely distributed throughout the southern part of the 

 Northern Province of Uganda, probably wherever G. morsitans and 

 G. paUidipes occur. Where cattle are exposed to the bites of tsetse, 

 especially of G. ■morsitans and G. paUidipes, they sooner or later sicken 

 and die. The discovery in the Masindi fly-belt of a trypanosome 

 showing a close affinity to that which is noxious to man in Southern 

 Aiiica need not cause undue alarm. A similar or identical trypano- 

 some Avill probably be found in every area infested with G. morsita^is 

 or G. paUidipes. As it may, for unknown reasons, develop the faculty 

 of more or less permanent survival in man — a host usually immune — 

 it must be viewed as a potential source of danger to human beings. 

 The natives living in the fly-belt were however examined with negative 

 results, and from an administrative point of view, the author does not 

 consider this trypanosome a human parasite ; and provided steps are 

 taken against the introduction of too large a nmnber of inhabitanta 

 into the now sparsely populated fly area, there is no reason to expect a 

 serious situation to arise. 



Macdonald (A.). The Position of Malaria in Sanitary Administration. 



— Trans. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., London, x, no. 1, November 1916, 



21 pp., 12 figs. 

 The author urges the necessity for the control of malaria and general 

 mosquito elimination being recognised as part of the routine work of 

 the Health Department, wherever that exists, instead of being relegated 

 to special commissions, and for the establishment of a Preventive 

 Medicine Department with speciahsed and experienced heads, for the 

 care of the health of tropical communities. The special measures of 

 anti-malarial administration should include the systematic scrutiny of 

 death returns ; communication with general medical practitioners ; 

 routine returns from institutions of malaria and other mosquito-borne 

 diseases ; general sanitary measures ; special anti-mosquito measures 

 against Sfegomyia in particular and Culicines and Anophelines in 

 general. Stegomyia, being purely domestic, must be dealt with by 

 householders and by sanitary inspection of towns, while Culicines may 

 be exterminated by preventing the existence of any collection of 

 stagnant water. With regard to Anophehnes and malaria in general, 

 the recognised control measures are reviewed. 



The author is sceptical as to the value of quinine as a preventive, 

 altliough he admits its usefulness in relief and cure. In any case, 

 (luinine has no position in sanitary administration, and the indis- 

 criminate use of the drug has had, in his opinion, a disastrous effect in 

 postponing sanitary administration in the tropics. The chief work of 

 the medical officer of health should be to educate the people, much of the 

 personal prevention of malarial infection being a matter of clean living. 



