22 



y McDonald (W. M.). Suggestions for the Institution of Rural Anti- 

 Mosquito Measures in Antigua. — Jl. Ttop. Med. & Hygiene, 

 Londo7i, xix, no. 22, 15th November 1916, pp. 261-262. 



The^,prevention of malarial and filarial diseases in Antigua and the 

 Leeward Islands generally has not received much attention hitherto. 

 In order to induce the co-operation of employers of labour throughout 

 the island in a comprehensive scheme of mosquito destruction, the 

 author proposes the estabhshment of an experimental area in which 

 various anti-mosquito measures may be tried, a record being kept of 

 their relative cost and efficiency and of the return of malaria in this 

 area. The utilisation of natural enemies is a measure which has to be 

 applied with a due regard to the many methods by which mosquitos 

 may escape attack. It was observed in this coimection that while 

 small fish occurred in great numbers in the open water of certain ponds, 

 mosquito larvae were also very numerous among the grass and vege- 

 tation round their edges. The latter must therefore be kept clear if 

 the fish are to be of use. Oiling is likely to prove the most practical 

 method of deaHng with the majority of breeding places in the island, 

 while draining is also to be tried. 



Fantham (H. B.) & Porter (A.). The Significance of Certain Natural 

 Flagellates of Insects in the Evolution of Disease in Vertebrates. 



— Jl. of Parasitology, Urbana, III, ii, no. 4, June 1916, 

 pp. 149-166. 



This paper comprises a useful resume of others previously published 

 [see this Review, Ser. B, iii, pp. 68, 154]. A bibliography of 17 works is 

 given. 



Mosquitoes. An Unusual Breeding ^l^ce.— Public Health Repls., 

 (■■': Washington, D.C., xxxi, no. 46, 17th November 1916, p. 3159. 



A case is recorded at the American consulate at La Guaira, Venezuela, 

 where mosquitos were found breeding in a water-cooler of the type in 

 which the water passes through a porcelain compartment surrounded 

 by an ice chamber. The larvae were discovered in drawing off from 

 tbe ice chamber some of the water resulting from the melting ice. 

 The species breeding in this ice-cold water was not determined. Careful 

 daily attention to the ice chamber was followed by the total 

 disappearance of mosquitos from the offices. 



Hall (H. C). Typhus Fever.— Military Surgeon, Washington, B.C., 

 xxxix, no. 5, November 1916, pp. 474-490, 1 sketch-map. 



In the latter portion of this paper a description is given of the Texas 

 State quarantine measures for preventing the introduction of typhus 

 by immigrants from Mexico, where the disease is endemic. It is stated 

 that body lice [Pediculus humanus] when placed in a bottle with head 

 lice [P. capitis], bed-bugs [Cimex] and raw meat.will first kill and devour 

 the head-lice, then the bed-bugs, and after the raw meat has been 

 consumed, will become cannibals. Body lice will not bite nor remain 

 on a human body nor in garments moistened with perspiration, which 

 may in a measure explain the supposition that typhus is a disease of 

 cold climates. 



