33 



Markoff (W. N.). Piroplasmose und andere blutparasitare Krank- 

 heiten der Haustiere am Balkan. [Piroplasmosis and other Blood- 

 parasite Diseases in the Balkans.] — Arch. f. Schiffs- u. Trop.- 

 Hyg., Leipsic, xx, no. 14, July 1916, pp. 313-335. 



Most of the author's observations were made during the first Balkan 

 war in 1912-1913. Equine piroplasmosis occurs in the Balkan 

 peninsula and on the European and Asiatic shores of the Black Sea. 

 Transmission is believed to be due to Dermacentor reticulatus. The 

 mortality varied between 5 and 12 per cent. In the Tschorlu region 

 the disease begins before spring and lasts till June. In the case of 

 horses which had not been recently infected, two or three injections 

 of 10 cc. of a 1 per cent, solution of sublimate, at several days' interval, 

 nearly always effected a complete cure. 



Piroplasmosis of cattle occurs throughout Bulgaria and was also 

 observed in Adrianople, Thrace and Macedonia. Besides Ixodes 

 ricinus, other ticks are supposed to be transmitters. While Babesia 

 bovis is the blood-parasite most frequently met with, there is another 

 species present resembling B. bigeminum. 



Spirochaetosis in fowls occurs in Bulgaria and Rumania, and probably 

 also in Serbia and Turkey, Argas persicus being the tick concerned. 



A bibhography of 54 works closes this paper. 



NoELLER (W.). Beitrag zur Flecktyphus Ubertragung durch Lause. 



[Transmission of Typhus by Lice.] — Berlin. Klin. Woch., Berlin, 

 liii, no. 28, 10th July 1916, pp. 778-780. 



Some work on the transmission of typhus by lice is described. The 

 etiological significance of Rickettsia prowazeki, Rocha Lima, is con- 

 sidered no longer doubtful. In some experiments, human body-hce, 

 horse-lice, and pig-lice were transferred to guinea-pigs in the laboratory. 

 The first do not live long on laboratory animals, so that the life-cycle of 

 R. prowazeki was difficult to follow. The horse-louse lives a little 

 longer than the human louse, while the pig-louse will live on a guinea- 

 pig from two to three days at 85° F., and for six days at 61° F. or lower 

 temperatures. When pig-lice were transferred from infected guinea- 

 pigs to pig blood, Rickettsia developed in them. Infected human body- 

 lice were found capable of living and breeding on pigs, and Rickettsia 

 developed in them normally. Eggs from three infected body-lice were 

 hatched out and the larvae reared, but no Rickettsia were found in the 

 seven larvae examined. Though the author has not yet found cases of 

 hereditary infection, he thinks such cases are possible. 



Haight (H. H.). Endemic Typhus Fever in Toronto.— Canadian 

 Pract. & Rev., Toronto, xh, no. 5, May 1916, pp. 185-191. 

 The history of a case of what is now believed to have been typhus is 

 given. Head lice [Pediculus capitis] were found on the patient, and the 

 possibility of this parasite transmitting typhus fever is discussed. 



SwELLENGREBEL (N. H.). Quelqucs RemarquBs sur la Facon de com- 



battre le Pou des Vetements. [Some Remarks on the Control of 



Lice in Clothing.] — Separate, dated 1916, from Achiv. Neerland. 



Sci. Exactes et Nat., Haarlem, ser. iii B, vol. iii, pp. 1-31, 23 figs. 



A number of investigations into the life-history of clothes fice 



{Pediculus humanus) are here described. The irritation produced by 



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