37 



is extremely contagious, the characteristic eruption appearing a 

 very short time after contact with an infected person, though the 

 first cases were all traced to the handling of barley. In the barley 

 suspected of causing the epidemic P. ventricosus was constantly found 

 in the nymphal stage. The full course 6f the malady is about twelve 

 days, but antiseptic lotions or the appUcation of sulphur have been 

 found to allay the irritation. 



Sarrailhe (A.). Dengue et Fievre de Trois Jours. [Dengue and Three 

 Day ¥evev.]—Bull. Soc. Path. ExoL, Paris, ix, no. 10, 1916, 



pp. 778-794. 



The author's experience in Macedonia and the Dardanelles in 

 1915-1916 has led him" to beheve that dengue and Phlebotomus fever 

 are one and the same malady. In this paper he discusses at length 

 the symptoms of these diseases and the reasons that have led to this 

 conclusion. Realising that identical symptoms might arise owing 

 to the occurrence of two diseases concurrently, he traces each to its 

 carrier, which, in the case of dengue is generally considered to be 

 Culex fatigans or a species of Stegomijia, while in the case of three- 

 day fever it is Phlebotamus papatasii. Here again there is matter for 

 controversy. From Mav until October, 1915, at which latter date 

 Phlebotomus disappeared in Gallipoli, the weather was exceptionally 

 dry, and mosquitos were consequently very rare. During this period, 

 Phlebotomus was abundant, its appearance coinciding with an epidemic 

 of three-day fever, which abated with its disappearance. In 1916, 

 in Macedonia an epidemic of dengue coincided exactly with the 

 appearance of an unusual number of Phlebotomus, the question of 

 Culex being solved here, as in Gallipoh, by the extreme dryness. 

 If the virus of dengue and three-day fever are considered identical, 

 there still remains the difference that C. fatigans is capable of trans- 

 mitting dengue to a healthy subject immediately after attacking a 

 diseased person, while Phlebotomus can only transmit three-day 

 fever after a lapse of six days. The author would like to see this 

 statement confirmed by further experiment, but this difference in 

 the inf ectivity of the carrier does not modify his view as to the identity 

 of the two Mediterranean maladies, w^hich he combines under the 

 name of Mediterranean dengue. The spread of this disease is ascribed 

 to various carriers. Culex fatigans is the estabhshed carrier in India, 

 the Philippines, the Mediterranean Coast, Egypt and Syria; 

 Stegomijia is indicated in Tonkin ; Phlebotomus has been identified 

 with it in Dalmatia by Doerr, Franz and Taussig. It seems to be 

 estabhshed that the epidemics among French troops at Cape Hellas 

 and in Macedonia are due to Phlebotomus. In the Dardanelles the 

 maladv was strictly limited to native houses occupied by the troops, 

 and it "was only in houses that Phlebotomus was found in any quantity. 

 This was also the case in Macedonia. 



An important conclusion derived from these observations is that 

 an army in the field should never be quartered in houses, as these 

 are the chief places where Phlebotomus occurs. The small size of this 

 fly allows it to penetrate the finest mosquito-net, and therefore 

 tents or barracks protected by very fine mesh mre-gauze screens 

 should be provided. 



