49 



Place (F. E.). The Flies that deflle.— TAe Register, Adelaide, Ixxxi, 

 no. 21 & 39, 6th November 1916, p. 6. 



Of the house-frequenting flies, Musca doniestica. is the predominating 

 species ; less prominent are Fannia scalaris and the various blow- 

 flies. The habits of these flies and the manner in which they 

 disseminate disease is dealt with. The diseases which may be fly- 

 borne include dysentery, summer diarrhoea, cholera, tuberculosis, 

 anthrax, diptheria, ophthalmia, infantile paralysis or poliomyelitis, 

 smallpox, trypanosomiasis, yaws and myiasis. Unremitting^ efforts 

 to eradicate, these pests is insisted upon as the ratioi 

 preventing the spread of these diseases. 



Place (F. E.). The Flies that hite. —The Evening 

 li, no. 14, 180, 25th November 1916, p. 18. 



This article deals with the diseases borne by biting fli«s such as 

 sandflies {Phlebotomus sp.), Anopheles maculipennis, Culex jnpiens, 

 Stegomyia fasciata, C. fatigans, horse-flies {Tabanus), the tsetse- 

 fly (Glossina) and Stomoxys calcitrans, including malaria, yellow 

 fever, dengue, filariasis, elephantiasis and infantile paralysis. 



RoDHAm (J.) & Bkquaert (J.). Mat^riaux pour une Etude Monogra- 

 phique de Dipteres parasites de I'Afrique. Deuxieme partie. R6vi- 

 sion des Oestrinae du Continent Africain. [Material for a Mono- 

 graph on the Parasitic Diptera of Africa. Second part. A Revi- 

 sion of the Oestrinae of the African Continent.] — Bull. Sci. 

 France et BeJgique, Paris, 1, nos. 1-2, 25th November 1916, 

 pp. 53-165, 29 figs., 1 plate. [Received 3rd February 1916.] 



This paper deals with the sub-family Oestrinae, which, in the 

 authors' opinion, does not correspond entirely with the intestinal 

 Oestridae of Brauer. They exclude the genus Aulacephala, Macq., 

 of which the larval stages are unknown and which appears to be more 

 closely allied to Trixa, B.B., as well as Cephenomyia, Latr., and Pharyn- 

 gomyia, Schin., which they place, as does Girschner, in the Calli- 

 phorinae. The chief characters of the larva at the third instar, the pupa 

 and the imago of the Oestrinae are given. On these characters this sub- 

 family would include only the genera Oestrus, L., Cephalopsis, Towns.,. 

 Ehinoestrus, Br., Kirkioestrus, R. and B., and Gedoelstia,'R. andB. The 

 authors consider a classification based on the characteristics of the larvae 

 can be only a provisional one and is justified only where the adult insect 

 is unknown. These genera form a homogeneous group and might 

 reasonably be treated as sub-genera of a single genus Oestrus, L. 

 The distribution of the spines in the larvae at the 3rd instar are not 

 considered to have more than a minor value in classification, as they 

 are probably very variable in difierent individuals at the same stage in 

 any given species. 



The larvae of the Oestrinae are parasitic in the sinuses of the bones 

 of the skull of various wild and domestic mammals and have been met 

 with accidentally in man. In the latter case they never attain their 

 full development and, when present, are usually locaHsed in the eyes, 

 in which they cause conjunctivitis. Since the cavities of the skull 

 communicate with each other and also with the throat, these larvae 



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