61 



that, when these Tabanids bite several healthy horses after biting an 

 infected animal, only the first of the healthy animals becomes infected 

 and that this transmission takes place only when the interval of 

 time between the two bites is less than twenty minutes. Various 

 experiments were made with regard to the associated action of Musca 

 domesfica and S. calcitrans. That M. domestica can harbour infective 

 organisms was determined by numerous dissections and injections 

 of saline suspensions of the abdominal contents of flies fed on the 

 abraded tail of a surra-infected monkey. Two guineapigs and one 

 monkey inoculated with this material died, and blood preparations 

 of these animals showed Trypanosoma evansi in large numbers. The 

 possibility of surra infection being carried by the feet in the case of 

 M. domestica was investigated, and it appeared that the woimd made 

 by the bite of the Stomoxys is not a suitable channel for the intro- 

 duction of trypanosomes carried on the pulvilli of M. domestica. 

 In attempts made to simulate the normal relationship of parasitism 

 in M. domestica and S. calcitrans by placing many flies of the two 

 species in a common bottle and permitting them to attack the enclosed 

 tail of a surra-infected monlcey, it was found that under these condi- 

 tions M. domestica does not transmit infection. The practical signifi- 

 cance of the conveyance of trypanosomes obtained by M. domestica 

 from the bites of S. calcitrans, when wounds are present, was also 

 investigated. Four of the five experiments attempted resulted in 

 positive transmissions. These experimental results agree with 

 epidemiological facts. The first of two epidemics observed in the 

 Island of Luzon was most violent in the absence of Tahanus striatus, 

 though this fly had been present when the first cases occurred, 

 and, later on, swarms of M. dotnestica appeared as a result of the 

 accumulation of sugar-cane debris near the stables where the affected 

 horses were quartered. The second epidemic appeared to be due 

 exclusively to T. striatus. 



King (W. W.). The Epidemic of Dengue in Porto Rico, 1915.— New 



Orleans Med. & Surg. Jl., New Orleans, Ixix, no. 8, February 

 1917, pp. 564-571. 



The epidemic of dengue in Porto Rico in 1915 was a typical one in 

 its onset, course and duration. Culex and Aedes are the common 

 mosquitos in San Juan and are constantly present in some numbers. 

 They were especially numerous at the time of the epidemic. During 

 December anti-mosquito measures were put into force and resulted 

 in a diminution in the number of mosquitos. The only epidemio- 

 logical factor of sufficient importance to explain the outbreak was 

 the super-abundance of mosquitos, while the occurrence of secondary 

 cases in the same house was also significant. 



CoRLETTE (C. E.). Insecticidal Fumigation in Ships, with special 

 Reference to the Use of Hydrocyanic Acid and to the Prevention 

 of ship-borne Yellow Fever. — Med. Jl. Australia, Sydney, ii (3rd 

 year), nos. 19 & 20, 4th & 11th November 1916, pp. 384-387 & 

 405-409. 



Hydrocyanic acid appears to be the most convenient, most effective, 

 and also the cheapest eradicator of insects, other than weevils, on land 



