62 



and, if it can be used as safely on ships, it is the one which should 

 be adopted. For fumigating living quarters with hydrocyanic acid 

 in conjunction with a blower system, an irritating substance, such 

 as a volatile oil of mustard, may be introduced into the current as a 

 preliminary to the poison. Carbon bisulphide should only be employed 

 on board ship mixed with a fire-extinguishing gas. This would also 

 permit of its use in grain elevators. In several of the American 

 shipping ports the United States Government has adopted a system 

 for the fumigation of ships which easily allows a poisonous vapour to 

 be introduced (or, if required, first one fumigant and then another) 

 to every part of a ship at practically any desired temperature, for an 

 unlimited time and at the rate of 180,000 cubic feet per hour, and to 

 keep it there at a slightly positive pressure. The fumigant is after- 

 wards blowTi out with fresh air as quickly as it was introduced. 



The primary object of this apparatus, invented by Dr. George 

 Harker of Sydney University, is to prevent or extinguish fires in closed 

 spaces by utilising the fact that, under ordinary conditions, an atmos- 

 phere containing less than 16 per cent, of oxygen is incapable of 

 supporting a fixe. By the time that air has passed through a furnace, 

 its oxygen content has been reduced to 10 per cent, or less and it has 

 become flue-gas, which with carbon monoxide and sooty matter forms 

 the smoke. The soot is washed out of the smoke, which is cooled and 

 then blown into the hold or bunker space, where it stops the flames 

 as soon as the oxygen content of the space near the fire is reduced 

 below 16 per cent. With a deUvery of gas at the rate of 180,000 cubic 

 feet per hour this only takes a few minutes. The carbon monoxide 

 renders the gas poisonous to rats, but not to insects. The American 

 authorities chiefly direct their attention to rat destruction, for which 

 purpose this process is a complete success. 



Werner (H.). Beobachtungen iiber Anophelenvorkommen in der 

 Nahe menschlicher Fakalien. [Observations on the Occurrence 

 of Anopheles near Human Excreta.] — Arch. f. Schiffs- u. Tropen- 

 Hyg., Leipzic, xx, no. 19, October 1916, pp. 444-445. 



During the spring and summer of 1916 observations made in the 

 marshy districts of White Russia showed that Anopheles had a marked 

 preference for latrines, this behaviour being quite different from that 

 of the more numerous species of Culex present at the same time. It 

 often occurred that in localities said to be free from Anopheles they were 

 to be found in latrines. 



Rene (C). Le Traitement de la Gale du Cheval. [The Treatment of 

 Mange in Horses.] — Progres Agricole, Amiens, xxxi, no. 1522, 18th 

 March 1917, pp. 125-126. 



This paper supplements the author's previous remarks on the subject 

 [see this Review, Ser. B, iv, p. 70]. It is easy to distinguish between 

 psoroptic and sarcoptic mange, the latter being far the more dangerous, 

 as it rapidly spreads over the entire body and is extremely contagious, 

 being even transmissible to man. For farm conditions an ointment is 

 recommended consisting of 9 oz. flowers of sulphur, 3 oz. carbonate of 

 potassium and 36 ozs. lard. The carbonate of potassium is dissolved 

 in its OAvn weight of water and incorporated in the lard, which is made 



