71 



Alessandrini (G.). Le piroplasmosi ed i mezzi per prevenirle e com- 

 batterle. [Piroplasmoses and the Means for their Prevention and 

 Coniio\.]—Annali d'Igiene, Rome, xxvii, no. 2, 28th February 

 1917, pp. 100-110. 



This paper gives a brief r6sum6 of present-day knowledge of piro- 

 plasmosis and babesiasis and their control. The ticks that are the 

 transmitting agents of these diseases are discussed, the following 

 sunnnary being given -.—Piroplasma hovis is transmitted by Margaropus 

 {Boophilus) mmulatus, Say, M. {B.) decolor atus, Koch, var. mlcaratus, 

 Neum., Ixodes ricinus, L., /. hexagonus, Leach, Hyalomnm aegyptium, 

 L., and Haemaphysalis punctata, C. and F. 



Piroplasma parvum is transmitted by Rhipicephalus evertsi, Neum., 

 R. simus, Koch, R. appendiculatus, Neum., R. capensis, Koch, and 

 R. nitens, Neum. 



Piroplasma mutans is transmitted by R. simus, R. appendiculatus, 

 and R. evertsi. 



Piroplasina ovis is transmitted by R. bursa, C. and F. 



Piroplasma equi is transmitted by R. evertsi and M. annulalus. 



Piroplasma canis is transmitted by Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Latr., 

 Ixodes hexagonus, I. ricinus, Haemaphymlis leachi, Aud., and Der- 

 macentor reticulatus, F. 



Parker (R. E.). The House-fly in Relation to Public Health in 

 Montana. Article 1. Some Facte concerning its HsihHs.— State 

 of Montana Bull, of Public Health, Helena, ix, no. 9 & 10, 

 January-February 1916, pp. 6-11. 



This paper deals with the relation between the common house-fly 

 [Musca domestica) and man. Figures are given to show the tremendous 

 potential reproductive power of this insect, it having been estimated 

 that a single female may have as many as 5,589,720,000 descendants 

 between April 15th and September 10th of one year. The necessity 

 for properly treating all decomposing animal or vegetable matter is 

 emphasised, especially horse manure, it having been found that 

 1,000 lb. of this may contain 450,000 maggots. 



Parker (R. R.). The House-fly in Relation to Public Health in Mon- 

 tana. Article 2. The House-fly as a Disease Carrier.— /S^afe of 

 Montana Bull, of Public Health, Helena, ix, no. 11, March 1916, 

 pp. 5-11. 



It is stated that preventable diseases are responsible for 600,000 

 deaths annually in the United States. Diseases which are fly-borne in 

 the State of Montana include typhoid fever, infantile diarrhoea and 

 consumption. 



The means by which flies carry disease is enlarged upon. The 

 extent of this is indicated by the fact that flies captured in insanitary 

 parts of cities have been found to carry from 800,000 to 500,000,000 

 bacteria, a large proportion being intestinal germs, while those from 

 cleaner parts only carried from 21,000 to 100,000 germs. Of flies 

 captured in dwelling houses, 75 per cent, have been shown to be 

 infected with intestinal bacteria. 



