Britton (W. E.). Recent Antl-Mosquito Work in Connecticut.— J/. 



Econ. Entom., Concord, N.H., x, no. I, February 1917, 

 pp. 109-111. 



During the past few years anti-mosquito work in Connecticut has 

 made considerable progress and results have been very satisfactory. 

 More than 6,000 acres or about one-third of the existing salt marsh 

 area in this State, has already been ditched and the breeding places of 

 mosquitos thus eliminated. Legislation is now being sought providing 

 for the extension of the ditching system to cover all salt marshes in the 

 State within a period of, perhaps, six years, and for the supervision of 

 maintenance work. Several projects are also in hand for dealing with 

 inland breeding-places in a similar manner. 



Cory (E. N.). The Protection of Dairy Cattle from Flies. —J/. Econ. 

 Entom., Concord, N.H., x, no. 1, February 1917, pp. 111-113. 



In 1914 it was found that while proprietory coal-tar products were 

 unsuitable for spraying cattle as a protection against flies, owing to the 

 fact that butter made on the premises became tainted with the coal-tar 

 odour, a spray of 6 per cent, emulsion of pine-tar creosote was used 

 with excellent results. In 1916 experiments were undertaken to 

 ascertain the minimum effective strength of pine-tar creosote emulsion 

 and the most successful methods of application. The emulsion used 

 consisted of f lb. caustic soda, 98 per cent, pure, dissolved in a known 

 (quantity of water for every gallon of pine-tar creosote to be emulsified, 

 and the subsequent dilution with cold water to the desired strength. 

 This emulsion is very stable and slightly alkaline, 3 per cent, emulsion 

 being found to be the most effective minimum strength. Flies that 

 were struck by this emulsion fell to the ground, all that were thoroughly 

 wetted being killed. The mixture was found to be fully effective for 

 one day only, though considerable protection was afforded for two or 

 even three days. Cows sprayed between 3 and 4 a.m. , prior to milking, 

 remained practically free from flies throughout the day. These were 

 preliminary experiments, and further tests are to be made, but it seems 

 evident that such spraying will result in an increased average yield of 

 milk. The principal flies treated in these experiments were Lijperosia 

 irritans (Haematobia serrata) and Sfomoxys calcifrans. 



King (W. V.). The Effect of Cold upon Malaria Parasites in the 

 Mosquito Host. — Separate, dated 2nd January 1917, from 

 Jl. Experimental Medicine, Baltimore, Md., xxv, no. 3, 1st March 

 1917, pp. 495-498, 2 plates. 



It has been supposed hitherto that the development of malaria 

 parasites in AnopJieles is arrested at a temperature of about 60° F., and 

 that the parasites themselves are destroyed at temperatures below this. 

 In a series of experiments conducted in New Orleans from September 

 to December 1916, it was found that Plasmodium vivax and P. falci- 

 parum in various stages of development in Anopheles quadrimaculatus 

 are able to survive exposure to lower degrees of temperature than 

 60° F. Furthermore, the results with P. vivax have shown that it 

 may survive freezing temperatures of several days duration, a condition 

 which rarely occurs naturally at this latitude. The mosquitos used 



(0371) Wt.P5/131. 1.500. 6.17. B.&F.Ltd. Gp.11/3. A 



