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Parker (R. R.)- The House Fly and the Control of Flies. -2nd 



Biennial R-'pL, Montana State Bd. Entom., 1915-1910, Bozeman, 

 15th December 1916, pp. 57-66. [Received 17th April 1917.] 



This article records investigations subsequent to those already 

 described in the First Biennial Report [see this Review, Ser. B, iii, p. 61 ]. 



In the control of flies in cities the following objectives should be kept 

 in view :--The prevention of egg-laying ; the prevention of flies which 

 are breeding in manure, garbag'e or refuse, from maturing within city 

 limits by proper care pending removal and by removal at sufficiently 

 frequent intervals ; the disposal of waste matter in such a manner 

 that flies cannot mature in it ; the treatment of material naturally 

 attractive to flies in order to render it as little attractive as possible. 



Experiments to determine the radius of dispersion of the house-fly 

 were conducted with 387.877 marked flies, released from four different 

 stations. The greatest factor in stimulating dispersion is the odour 

 from feeding areas, though wind, temperature, state of weather and 

 other factors also influence it. The results shovyed that flies lead an 

 extremely migratory existence and, while spreading from a given area 

 within citv limits to a radius of about five miles with almost uniform 

 distribution in all directions, they may also leave the city and fly 

 across open country to some distant point. Emphasis is laid on the 

 necessity for general co-operation in control measures, and lectures 

 have been given with this object. It is considered of vital importance 

 to interest town-dwellers in general m this subjct, since measures 

 adopted for fly control are fundamentally those for good sanitation 

 and for improving conditions detrimental to public health. The 

 installation of incinerating plants for the disposal of garbage has been 

 recommended when possible. A maggot trap and a manure box have 

 been designed ; the former, principally for use under country conditions, 

 affords the best means yet devised for control of the house-fly with the 

 minimum expenditure of time and care; the latter is adaptable to 

 diverse conditions, its object being to keep manure from exposure out 

 of doors. Further problems, such as the manner of hibernation of the 

 house-fly in Montana, are still under investigation. 



Strickland. A New Species of Anopheline, MyzorhyncJms similis, 

 from the Malay Peninsula.— Zn^i. Jl. Med. Research, Calcutta, iv, 

 no. 3, January 1917, p. 611. [Received 23rd April 1917.] 



Anopheles {My zorhynch us) similis is described as new from the larva, 

 on the ground that it possesses clypeal, but is devoid of palmate 

 hairs. The imago is apparently indistinguishable from A. nmbrosus. 



JtJRGENS (— ). Infective Periods in Typhus Fever.— Zwrf. Jl. Med. 

 Research, Calcutta, iv, no. 3, Januarv 1917, p. 614. (Abstract from 

 Deutsche Med. Woch., Berlin, no. 21, 25th May 191G.) [Received 

 23rd April 1917.] 



In the course of the German Medical Congress held at Warsaw 

 in May 1916, the author stated that an individual infected with 

 typhus can infect only lice and not another man, and it is probable 

 that the parasite of typhus can complete the cycle commenced in 

 man onlv in the bodv of the louse. Lice can become infected only from 



