82 



a case of typhus levev and not in the incubation stage of the disease. 

 The lice that have bitten a convalescent typhus patient will not 

 be infective. All these observations indicate that the parasites in 

 human blood produce at a definite period forms, the development of 

 which can be completed only in the louse, where they mature into 

 forms capable of re-infecting man. Lice become infective a few 

 days after sucking infected blood and lose their infectivity a few days 

 later. The eggs of an infected louse may be themselves infected. 

 An epidemic never occurs in the absence of lice. 



Dyar (H. G.) & Knab (F.). Bromelicolous Anopheles. — Insecutor 

 Inscitia^ Menstruns, Washington, D.C., v, nos. 1-3, January- 

 March 1917, pp. 38-40. 



The larvae of closely related species of Anopheles have been found 

 in the water held by the leaf-bases of Bromeliaceae. These are 

 A. hylephihis, sp. n., occurring in Venezuela, Ecuador, and the Canal 

 Zone in Panama ; A. boliviensis in the moist forest zone of South 

 America, extending to the slopes of the Bolivian and Peruvian Andes ; 

 A. neivai found m Panama, Costa Eica,and S. Mexico; and A. beUator, 

 hitherto found only in Trinidad. 



TowNSEND (C. H. T.). A Synoptic Revision of the Cuterebridae, with 

 Synonymic Notes and the Description of one New Species. — Inse- 

 cuto)' Inscitiae Mensfnnis, Washington, DC, v, nos. 1-3, 

 January-March 1917, pp. 23-29. 



, This paper gives notes on several species, mchidmg Cute rebra cuniculi, 

 Clk.; Bogeria princeps, Aust., which attacks both jack rabbit and cotton- 

 tail in Arizona, California, Nevada and New Mexico; 5. emascuJator, 

 Fitch, a parasite of squirrels and chipmunks ; and B.fasciata, Sweiik., 

 from New Mexico, parasitic on a species of Tamias. The new species 

 described is B. scudderi, two third-stage larvae of which were taken 

 from the throat of a pig. These may have been ingested as ova from 

 rabbit-burrows or by eating a rabbit containing third-stage larvae. 



Cross (H. E.). Annual Report of the Camel Specialist for the Year 

 1915-1916, Lahore, 191G, 27 pp. [Received 30th April 1917.] 



The most important disease of camels in the Punjab during the year 

 under review was surra : the number of cases diagnosed was 1,593, 

 though this figure was probably exceeded, as the disease appeared in 

 various forms and was sometimes wrongly diagnosed. The large 

 increase of surra is due to camel corps being sent to districts where 

 biting flies are prevalent, and where the disease is therefore sure to 

 spread. Many experiments in smearing or spraying camels with 

 various anti-fly emulsions in localities where blood-sucking flies were 

 abundant and surra was prevalent, are described. Creosol emulsion, 

 consisting of creosol, 1 oz. ; pix liquida, 2 oz. : soft soap, 8 oz. ; 

 water, 3 pints, was found to have some slight efficacy in warding off 

 the attacks of Tabanids when animals were kept in the shade. As 

 soon as this emulsion has dried on the skin, it loses its effect and in 

 the case of animals kept in the sun the effect lasts only about half an 

 hour. Jensen's emulsion (consisting of kerosene oil, 1 gal., powdered 



