89 



Mote (D. C). Observations on the Distribution of Warble Flies in 

 Ohio.— Ohio Jl. Sci., Columbus, xvii, no. 5, March 1917, pp. 1^9- 

 176, 1 fig., 1 map., 3 tables. 



The object of the investigations recorded in this paper was to 

 determine (i) whether the warble flies, Hypodenm bovis and H. lineata, 

 both occur in the State of Ohio, (ii) which species was sufficiently 

 numerous to be markedly injurious to dairy cattle or to the beef 

 industry, (iii) their local and regional distribution, and (iv) to study 

 the conditions favouring their increase or decrease. 



The distribution within the State is given in detail, H. bovis being 

 much the more abundant and forming 83-5 per cent, of the total 

 collected. H. lineata, the North American warble fly, probably occurs 

 in every State in the Union, though it appears to be more numerous 

 in the southern and central western States. H. bovis, the so-called 

 European species, predominates both in distribution and abunda,nce 

 in the north-eastern States. In the western two-thirds of the United 

 States, H. bovis appears to be found in rather restricted and well 

 separated areas. Both species were found to be more abundant in 

 the north-eastern section of Ohio, while the largest number of herds 

 free from infection were noted in the north-western section. The 

 earliest collections of H. bovis were received early in March from 

 north-eastern Ohio, while the latest specimens came from south- 

 western Ohio in June. One warble was observed in the Ohio Station 

 herd in July. The first specimens of H. lineata came from south- 

 western Ohio on 25th March, the last from the same district in the 

 early part of May. Under normal conditions H. lineata is the earlier 

 fly to appear. It is stated by Dr. Sheets of Van Wert county that, as 

 a rule, native cattle are free from these insects, only imported cattle 

 being infested. Some stockmen report that they never have had 

 grubs in their cattle, while others state that their cattle have had 

 grubs in the past, but are now free, owing to a systematic campaign 

 of squeezing them out. 



Investigation tends to show that young animals are more liable 

 to infestation than old stock. 



Sandflies and Mosquitoes. — Public Health , London, xxx, no. 7, April 

 1917, p. 170. 

 In this article a letter from F. M. Howlett to the Times is repro- 

 duced, recommending the following mixture as a protection against 

 sandflies and mosquitos : — Oil of cassia, 1 part ; brown oil of camphor, 

 2 parts ; vaseline or salad oil, 4-5 parts, or lanoline. These ingredients 

 must be well mixed and the mixture should be rubbed on the skin in 

 small quantities. The formula was evolved from a considerable 

 number of experiments made in India on the relative value of essential 

 oils as deterrents for sandflies and mosquitos. Other correspondents 

 suggest oil of citronella ; essential oil of lavender and methylated 

 spirits in equal parts ; oil of pennyroyal ; equal parts of oil of euca- 

 lyptus, oil of anise, and oil of turpentine. 



Peacock (Lce.-Sgt. A. D.). The Louse Problem at the Western Front. 

 H.M. Stationary Office, London, 1916, 29 pp., 9 figs., 2 tables. 



The subject matter of this pamphlet has already been abstracted 

 [see this Review, Ser. B, iv, p. 133]. 



(C376) Wt.P5/131. 1,500. 7.17. B.&F.Ltd. G.11/3. A 



