114 



illness, the autopsy revealing the presence of toxoplasma in the organs. 

 The destruction and examination of the dog, A, revealed many 

 leishmania but no toxoplasma. Three hypotheses are possible : The 

 dog, (7, may have been naturally infected with toxoplasmosis before 

 the inoculation. The inoculation from the dog. A, may have caused 

 the infection, although neither of the inoculated animals showed 

 toxoplasma at the autopsy. Toxoplasmosis may have been transmitted 

 to the dog, C, by larvae from the gundi [Ctenodactylus gundi], some 

 of which were kept in the same building, these animals becoming 

 naturally infected with toxoplasmosis during the autumn and winter, 

 during which time the inoculations were carried out. 



A similar case was observed at Frankfort-on-Main, the subject 

 being a dog inoculated with the organs of a dog infected with canine 

 leishmaniasis, which had been sent from the Pasteur Institute at 

 Tunis, and which had lived in the same conditions as the dog referred 

 to above. 



Greggio (G.). Note sur la Lutte contre laTrypanose k Kisantu (Conga 

 Beige). R6sultats et Esp6rances. [Note on the Control of Trypano- 

 somiasis at Kisantu (Belgian Congo). Results and Expectations.] 

 —Bull Soc, Path. Exot., Paris, x, no. 5, 9th May 1917, pp. 398- 

 406. [Received 1st June 1917.] 



Sleeping sickness, which first appeared in the region of Kisantu in 

 1900, in less than 10 years carried off two-thirds of the inhabitants 

 and in some localities as many as nine-tenths. The difficulties of 

 combating it were increased by the indifference of the natives. A 

 great improvement has, however, been effected, a percentage of 4-7 

 among those examined in 1912 having fallen to -7 per cent, in 1915. 

 In fact, recourse has perforce been had lately to infected animals for a. 

 supply of the virus for experimental purposes owing to the difficulty 

 of finding human carriers. The natives also eagerly seek for treatment, 

 even offering to pay for it, the result in the first place of teaching in 

 the schools, for the use of which a series of articles on noxious insecta 

 in the local dialects has been prepared. 



Howard (C. W.). What the House-fly costs? — Minnesota Insect Life, 

 St. Paul, iv, no. 2, 1st May 1917, 8 pp. [Received 2nd June 1917.] 



The house-fly [Musca domestica] has come to be considered one of 

 the most dangerous enemies of man. Omng to the number of diseases 

 that it carries, at least one-fifth of the cases of typhoid fever, one- 

 twentieth of those of tuberculosis, and one-tenth of the cases of other 

 intestinal diseases are due to food contamination by this insect. 

 On the supposition that a human life has a value of £360 to £600, and 

 taking into consideration the cost of illness, nursing, and medical 

 treatment, it has been calculated that the annual loss in the United 

 States due to the house-fly as a disease- carrier, is approximately 

 £31,560,000. In addition to this there is annually spent in the States 

 £2,000,000 in screening, and £400,000 in fly papers and fly poisons. 

 The first and most important control measure is the abolition of all 

 breeding places ; in towns, by the use of fly-proof bins for stable 

 manure and by an organised system of garbage disposal, and in the 



