119 



Cameron (A.E.),Treherne (R. C.) &Hadwen (S.)- Doing Away with 

 the Mosquito Pest. — Agric. Jl. Dept. Agric, Victoria, B.C., ii, 

 no. 3, May 1917, p. 56. [Received 15th June 1917.] 



The problem of controlling mosquitos in any given area involves a 

 thorough preliminary investigation by an entomologist of the different 

 speciesof mosquitos breeding there. At the same time it should be 

 discussed from an engineering standpoint with a view to removing all 

 breeding areas, such as marshes and shallow pools, and the swampy 

 areas subject to overflow at high tides, which should be drained so 

 that the water can easily recede as the tide falls. Deep ponds, exposed 

 to the wind, and running water do not harbour mosquitos. Pending 

 the attainment of this permanent control, the temporarily efficacious 

 method of oiling should be adopted, the treatment requiring to be 

 renewed every 10 to 18 days, throughout the breeding season. 



Reichenow (E.). Parasites de la Sangre y del Intestine de los Monos 

 Antropomorfos Africanos. [Parasites of the Blood and Intestine 

 of African Anthropoid Apes.]— Bol. Real Soc. Espanola de Hist. 

 Nat., Madrid, xvii, no. 5, May 1917, pp. 312-332. 



Microfilaria previously observed in the blood of chimpanzees were 

 considered to be embryos of Acantliocheilonema perstans ; Ziemann 

 also found a trypanosome which he identified some years kter as 

 Trypanosoma gambiense. Malarial parasites that occurred in the 

 chimpanzee he considered identical with Plasmodium kochi, also found 

 in other monkeys. 



The present investigations were undertaken for the purpose of 

 determining whether the anthropoid apes are to be reckoned with as 

 hosts of T. gambiense in Kamerun. Of 8 gorillas and 8 chimpanzees 

 examined, none showed the presence of T. gambiense ; m no case, 

 however, were these apes found in the regions where sleeping sickness 

 is endemic. They are however frequently in contact with the natives 

 in populated regions, entering their plantations and passing the night 

 in the immediate vicinity of the villages. In nearly all the individuals 

 examined of both species Microfilaria perstans was found in the same 

 form as in man, only the very young animals giving negative results. 

 While M. perstans^ is frequently found in the blood of natives 

 accompanied by M. diurna, the latter is absent in monkeys. The 

 explanation is that M. diurna is carried by the Tabanids, Chrysops 

 dimidiatus and C. silacea, which are found only on open ground and 

 bite only in the sun, where monkeys are seldom found. Bearing this 

 explanation in mind, it is considered probable that the animal 

 transmitter of M. perstans is a shade-loving insect and in all probability 

 a mosquito. 



A trypanosome was found in the blood of all the adult apes with 

 the exception of two gorillas, the development of which is completely 

 identical with that of T. lewisi, while the morphology is very simikr. 

 The author considers this a new sub-species, Trypanosoma lewisi 

 primatum. All other known trypanosomes of monkeys are morpho- 

 logically distinct from this species. 



