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Du ToiT (P. J.). Ueber dasSammeln und die Zucht unserer heimischen 

 Zecke, Ixodes riciiius, L. [Tli'3 Collection and Breeding of our 

 native Tick, Ixodes ricinus, L.] — -Berlimr Tierdrzll. Wochenschr., 

 Berlin, xxxiii, no. 11, 15th March 1917, pp. 124-127. [Received 

 19th June 1917.] 



Microscopic examination of five males of Ixodes ricinus, L., that had 

 been on cattle for 8 to 11 days, showed digested and undigested blood 

 in the intestines of three of them, thus proving that the males are 

 blood-suckers. Contrary to Nuttall's statement that hungry ticks are 

 to be seen pairing only in captivity, the author has often taken them 

 when pairing in pastures. Guinea-pigs enclosed with /. ricinus were 

 quickly covered with very large numbers of young larvae, but although 

 sexually mature ticks that had been unfed for several months were 

 present, not one female attached itself to these animals, thus confirming 

 the fact that the mature individuals prefer the larger animals. Not 

 one single larva attached itself to the author, whereas both nymphs 

 and females often attach themselves to man. The symptoms noticed 

 in the guinea-pigs were similar to those of tick paralysis. 



MoRNARD ( — ). La Lutte contra les Mouches. [Fly Control.] — Progres 

 Agricole, Amiens, xxxi, no. 1533, 3rd June 1917, p. 264. 



To prevent flies from penetrating into habitations, the use of wire 

 screens or " Japanese " blinds in doors and \vindows is advocated. 

 For the total and immediate destruction of all flies in a building, 

 fumigation with sulphur or crcsyl is advised. Of the former, 1 oz. to 

 every 37 cub. ft. of space, placed in earthenware saucers, is used ; 

 each lump of sulphur is hollowed out into a cup-shaped depression 

 into which alcohol is poured and lighted to ensure the combustion of 

 the sulphur. The fumigation should last 24 hours, the building being 

 hermetically sealed throughout the operation and thoroughly ventilated 

 before being entered. 



Cresyl vapour is less dangerous to use than sulphur ; 3 drams to 

 each 42 cub. ft. of space are placed over a fire in a large receptacle and 

 brought to boiling-point. The vapour given off is at first white, then 

 grey and bluish. When the room is filled with blue fumes, which are 

 very toxic to the flies, but harmless to man, it can be entered and the 

 fire extinguished. It should then be closed again, allowing the fumes to 

 act for at least six hours before ventilating. As the flies are more often 

 stupefied by the fumes than killed, they must be collected and burnt. 



Formalin vapour is very toxic to flies and may be used in the 

 following formula : Commercial formalin 2 parts, slightly sugared 

 water 100 parts, placed in saucers in a sheltered place. Another 

 formula is : Commercial formalin 25 parts, milk 25 parts, sugared 

 water 60 parts. This is used in the same way ; a few pieces of bread 

 may be added to the contents of the saucers. Adhesive baits 

 recommended are : Colophonium 72 parts, castor-oil 30 parts, 

 heated and mixed together, 12 parts of honey, glucose or molasses 

 being then added. This mixture is smeared on wands stripped of their 

 bark and placed in receptacles full of sand. Castor-oil, 5 parts, and 

 resin, 8 parts, can be mixed by boiling and spread on strips of paper. 

 Co-operation in fly control, which has succeeded in almost completely 

 eliminating flies from some localities, is strongly advocated. 



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