]27 



have shown that the insect is not merely a mechanical transmitter of 

 the virus, but that an incubation period of a week within the body of 

 the insect is necessary. Townsend has expressed the opinion that a 

 species of Phlebotomus is the transmissor of verruga in Peru. Sergent 

 and others, again, have suggested that the leishmaniasis of Oriental 

 sore is transmitted by a Phkbotomus, the reservoir being the gecko 

 {Plati/dachjlus manritanicus). Medical practitioners in Spain should 

 therefore note that Oriental sore is common on the African coast of 

 the Mediterranean, that flies of the genus Phlebotomus have been 

 recognised in Grenada, Malaga and Palma de Mallorca, in Spain, and 

 that the gecko, vulgarly termed " drago " in Catalonia and the Balearic 

 Islands, is found practically all over Spain. Phlebotomus has also 

 been taken by Pittaluga in Spanish Guinea. 



Craig (Major C. F., U. S. Army). The Occurrence of Endamebic 

 Dysentery in the Troops serving in the El Paso District from July 

 1916 to December i91Q.— Military Surgeon, Washington, B.C., xl, 

 nos. 3-4, March- April 1917, pp. 286-302, 423-434. 



The occurrence of 156 cases of endamoebic dysentery among the 

 troops in the El Paso district led to an enquiry as to epidemiology of 

 the outbreak of which the causal agent was Endamoeba histolytica, 

 and with regard to its transmission the conclusion reached was that it 

 was carried by flies. From 1st December 1916 until 8th January 

 1917 (the date of writing) not a single new case occurred, and during 

 that period flies were practically absent or in such small numbers as 

 to be below an infectious minimum. 



HiNE (J. S.). Description of North American Tabanidae.— 0/iio Jl. 



Sci., Columbus, xvii, no. 7, May 1917, pp. 269-271. [Received 

 nth July 1917.] 



Five new North American species of Tabanus are described, namely, 

 T. annularis, sp. n., from Mississippi; T. daeckei, sp. _n., from New 

 Jersey ; T. petiolatus, sp. n., taken from a horse in Louisiana ; 

 T. uniformis, sp. n., from Kansas, Mississippi, Louisiana and Alabama ; 

 and T. nantuckensis, sp. n., from Nantucket Island only. 



KisLiuK (M.). Some Winter Observations of Muscid Flies.— Ohio Jl. 

 Sci, Columbus, xvii, no. 8, June 1917, pp. 285-294. 



A double series of experiments conducted by the author, during 

 winter, on flies in an unheated stable and in the insectary, led to a 

 confirmation of Dr. Bischoff 's previous conclusion, that flies which are 

 not kept cold enough to become inactive mil either oviposit if the 

 temperature is sufficiently high, or die comparatively soon. In the 

 stable the greatest longevity of an adult was 44 days, at a mean 

 temperature of 45° F., and in the insectary 30 days at a mean tempera- 

 ture of 30° F. Eggs were deposited in the stable on 6th May, and in 

 the insectary on 20th April. It was shown that all stages may be 

 obtained throughout the winter under rare conditions of artificial heat 

 and breeding media ; that under natural conditions neither eggs nor 

 maggots are to be found alive in the normally preferred situations. 



