128 



though maggots may probably be found in early winter ; that the 

 small number of puparia taken from their preferred environment in 

 mid-winter (26th February) and their successful emergence on 10th- 

 12th March, under artificially heated conditions — in spite of the large 

 proportion (91 per cent.) affected by autumn parasites — apparently 

 indicates that under natural conditions Musca domestica hibernates 

 as a pupa. From breeding experiments it was concluded that Lucilia 

 sericata, Mg. (common green-bottle) hibernates in the larval or pupal 

 condition, and that L. caesar, L., L. sylvarum, Mg., Phormia regina, 

 Mg., Calliphora erythrocephala, Mg. (large blue-bottle), C. vomitoria, L. 

 (blue-bottle), and Cynomyia cadaverina, R.D., hibernate in the 

 immature stages, while Pollenia rudis, F., also hibernates as an adult. 

 Hence it is not sufficient to kill the adults in early spring as a control 

 measure, but manure piles and rubbish heaps, in which the larvae and 

 pupae successfully hibernate, should receive attention in autumn and 

 winter, so that the latter may be killed by exposure to fatal winter 

 temperatures. 



Hirst (S.). On the occurrence of a Pseudoparasitic Mite {Cheletiella 

 parasitivorax, M6gnin) on the Domestic Cat.— ylww. Mag. Nat. 

 Hist., London, xx, no. 115, July 1917, pp. 132-133, 1 fig. 



The mite, Cheletiella parasitivorax, formerly found only on rabbits 

 and hares, was discovered on the hairs of the body of a freshly-killed 

 cat which had suffered from mange on the ears and face. Probably 

 it fed on the acarus {Notoedrus cati) which was the cause of the mange. 

 Other species of Cheletiella have been found on birds, or in their nests. 



DouviLLE ( — ). Quelques Reflexions sur ia Gale du Cheval et son 

 Traitement. [Some Reflections on the Subject of Mange in Horses 

 and its Treatment.] — Rev. Geii. Med. Vet., Toulouse, xxvi, 

 no. 306, 15th June 1917, pp. 225-237. 



During a period of 18 months, when the author was in charge of a 

 large depot for sick and especially for mangy horses on the French 

 front, he was struck by the extreme seriousness and the extensiveness 

 of this disease among the army horses. He agrees with Fayet [see 

 this Review, Ser. B, v, p. 18] that a careful watch should be kept for 

 the first symptoms of the disease and even suspected cases 

 promply placed under treatment, in order to avoid its spread. The 

 effectiveness of various medicaments is discussed, but the author 

 deprecates in general the use of anti-psoroptic pastes. Of those 

 mentioned, he gives the preference to an alkahne petroleum emulsion 

 composed of 1 oz. soda crystals and 10| oz. petroleum to If pints of 

 water. The emulsion must be perfect at the moment of use, and is 

 applied as a shampoo every six days, six or seven applications being 

 sufficient. Owing to the amount of hand-labour required for these 

 treatments and the necessity for supervising the thoroughness of the 

 applications, a good deal of inconvenience is attached to their use, and 

 a dipping bath, such as that advocated by Descazeaux [see this Review, 

 Ser. B, iv, p. 165], is strongly recommended in preference. 



The author is not in agreement with Berton regarding the effective- 

 ness of the open-air treatment of mange [see this Review, Ser. B, v, 

 p. 77]. In his opinion the parasites during this treatment enter on 



