131 



JuNGMANN (P.) & KuczYNSKi (M. H). ZuF KUnik und Aetiologie der 

 Febris wolhynica (His-Wernersche Krankheit). [The Clinical 

 Symptoms and Aetiology of Volhynian Fever (His-Werner's 

 Disease).] — Deutsche Mai. Wochenschr., Berlin, xliii, no. 12, 

 22nd March 1917, pp. 359-362, 6 diagrams. 



Topfer has stated that lice are the carriers of Volhynian fever [see 

 this Review, Ser. B, v, p. Ill] and the authors' observations confirm 

 this. In many cases which were at first clinically obscure an early 

 diagnosis of Volhynian fever was possible by examination of lice taken 

 from the patients. 



Ritchie (A. H.). Report of the Government Entomologist for Year 



1916-1917. — Supplement JcDuaica Gazette, Kingston, xl, no. 4, 

 ;jth July 1917, pp. 97-98. 



Stock pests of the year included a somewhat serious outbreak of 

 Lyperosia irritans, L. (horn-fly), in St. Ann, the mixed pastures affording 

 ideal breeding grounds during continuously damp weather, such as 

 had persisted during the close of 1916 just before the outbreak, when 

 it was impossible to secure rapid drying-out of the cow-manure in the 

 long, damp grass. The application of external repellents is not 

 recommended in grazing pens, although in a dairy herd such a method 

 may be resorted to during milking time. Netting the flies from the 

 stock when passed between double fencing was suggested, and the 

 scattering of manure in the fields by forks or bush harrows will 

 accelerate the drying out. The drying out and deep burial of manure 

 in the fields is greatly aided by dung-infesting beetles, such as 

 Phanaeus sidcatus. It is suggested that an exchange of such species 

 might be effected with other entomological stations. Tabanids 

 recorded during the year included : Lepidoselaga lepidota, Wied., 

 Tabmms trilineatus, Latr., and Chrysops costatus, F. Stomoxys 

 calcitrans is general and increases rapidly after rains. Tick control is 

 being undertaken seriously ; four vats are now in use in the colony 

 and others are being constructed. The use of spraying machines is 

 increasing and hand-spraying is general. Methods for controlling 

 hog-lice have already been dealt with [see this Review, Ser. B, v, p. 75]. 

 Sanitary conditions are the best safeguard against lice on pigs, and the 

 adoption of concrete wallows with crude oil on the surface of the 

 contained water is strongly recommended. 



Moore (W.). Toxicity of Various Benzene Derivatives to Insects.— 



Jl. Agric. Research, Washington, B.C., ix, no. 11, 11th June 1917, 

 pp. 371-381, 4 figs. 



Fumigation with nitrobenzene having been found effective in 

 destroying external parasites of animals, it was felt that this was too 

 dangerous a poison for general use by inexperienced persons. A study 

 of a series of benzene derivatives was therefore undertaken with a 

 view to determining their toxicity to insects, and it was hoped to 

 arrive at some compound which would be quite toxic to insects but non- 

 toxic to higher animals or plants. The vapour of 28 benzene derivatives 

 has been studied and the toxicity of each determined. This knowledge 

 is of value, not only as regards the possibilities of fumigation, but also 



