148 



LiiGER (L.) & MouRiQUAND (G.)- SuT la Repartition des Stations 

 d'Anopheles dans le Secteur medical Grenoble-Gap-Brianeon et 

 Indications prophylactlques qui en d^coulent. [The Distribution 

 of Anophelines in the Medical Division of Grenoble-Gap-Brian9on 

 and the Prophylactic Indications resulting therefrom.] — Bulletins 

 & Memoires Soc. Med. Hdpitaux de Paris, xxxiii, no. 1-2, 

 18th January 1917, pp. 16-22. 



Attention is drawn to the danger resulting from the arrival in 

 France of malaria patients. In the region in question all the conditions 

 required for the development of malarial foci exist, i.e., the presence 

 of Anophelines, the existence of parasites -chiefly in the gamete stage — 

 in the blood of individuals that have returned to France, and a 

 temperature suitable for the evolution of the parasite in the body of 

 the mosquito. A careful investigation has shown the presence of 

 Anopheline larvae in numerous localities, chiefly in water of a 

 temperature over 57° F., though they were occasionally found in 

 water at 46° F. Unlike the larvae of Cidex, they prefer the quiet 

 parts of streams and those parts of swamps which have clear, gently 

 ninning water. ArwpheJes maouliqyennis and A. hifurcatvs were the 

 species found, together Avith larvae of Cidex and Dixa. In this 

 connection it is pointed out that at nightfall it is difficult to distinguish 

 Dixa from Anopheles, but Leger has found that if the cliy finger is 

 placed on a Dixa larva, when it comes to the surface, it will adhere to 

 the finger, which the Anopheline never does. Cases of locally-acquired 

 malaria have been recorded in France since the War began and a 

 rational prophylaxis is needed. This should aim at protecting malaria 

 patients from the bites of mosquitos by screening buildings in which 

 they live and by establishing hospitals for them at a distance from 

 localities harbouring Anophelines. 



Stallybrass (C. 0.). The Control of Rat Plague. — Jl. State Medicine, 

 London, xxv, no. 1, April 1917, pp. 116-121. 



Rat extermination on board ships at Liverpool seems to show that 

 all forms of apparatus depending on the use of sulphur dioxide (SO.^) 

 are ineffectual o^ving to the high absorbability of this gas ; the 

 destruction of rats can be successfully efPected only when the holds 

 are empty and for this purpose stout pots or buckets are amply 

 sufficient and are capable of indefinite multiplication at small expense : 

 sufficient time must be allowed for the sulphur to burn out, 2| to o 

 per cent, of SO.j being iinally attained ; all spaces, especially store- 

 rooms, require to be fumigated simultaneously and the pi-ocess should 

 be repeated at intervals of not more than six months. 



The Nocht and Giemsa apparatus is much too dangerous for routine 

 use, as it evolves a high percentage of carbon monoxide. The Harker 

 apparatus, depending on the lack of oxygen, uses the Avashed flue 

 gases from any coal-burning furnace, produces only 3 per cent, of 

 carbon monoxide and is cheap in use [see this Review, Ser. B, v, p. 62]. 



At Liverpool two officers search all vessels from districts infected 

 or suspected to be infected with plague, in order to discover dead rats. 

 On several occasions \innsual mortality amongst rats has been 

 discovered at an earlv Hate after arrival. The author resrards it as 



