153 



to be insect-borne are malaria, carried by Anopheline mosquitos: 

 trypanosomiasis, conveyed by Glossina morsilans and G. palpalis ; tide 

 fever, carried by Ornithodorus moubata; yellow fever and dengue, 

 transmitted by Stegomyia fasciata (calojnis), and perhaps by Gulex 

 fatigans also in the case of the latter; pappataci fever, carried by 

 Phlebotomus papatasii', and filariasis, conveyed by Culex fatigans and 

 Stegomyia pseudoscutellaris. 



Clark (G. H.) & Raper (H. S.). Chlorine Gas and Scabies.— 5n7. 

 Med. Jl, London, no. 2952, 28th July 1917, pp. 113-114. 



It was remarked at the time of the German chlorine gas attacks 

 that gas cleared the camp of scabies, and it was thought probable 

 that the chlorine was fatal to the mites. Experiments in treating 

 cases of scabies with chlorine gas resulted in 25 per cent, being cured, 

 while many more showed marked improvement. It is pointed out 

 however that tliis treatment is difficult in private life, while other and 

 more simple remedies are considered efficient. 



Bacot (A.). A simple Means of ascertaining if a sterilizing Hut is hot 

 enough to destroy Lice and Nits in Clothing or Blankets.— 5nV. 

 Med. Jl, London, no. 2953, 4th August 1917, p. 151. 



Unless a uniform temperature throughout a sterilising chamber is 

 obtained by circulating the air, a stratified condition results, in which 

 the heat is too low to kill at the lower levels and needlessly high at the 

 top. By the use of porcelain pots or dishes of a definite surface area , 

 containing a given quantity of stearin or paraffin wax of a suitable 

 melting point, a sufficiently stable relationship between the heat and 

 the period required to kill lice and their eggs can be established. The 

 eggs, when protected by a single thickness of khaki cloth as used for 

 army breeches, are killed in 15 minutes at 126° F. In order to allow 

 an adequate margin for contingencies the necessary temperature and 

 period were assumed to be 140° F. and 30 minutes. Using stearin, 

 melting at 140° F. according to trade tests, in pots such as are used iu 

 the trade for samples and measuring 2| inches wide by 2| inches deep, 

 it was found that 7 grams will melt in 30 minutes, while 10 grams 

 require between 40 and 50 minutes, only a narrow ring being melted 

 within 30 minutes. If two pots, one containing 7 and the other 10 

 grams, are placed or hung slightly below the level of the lowest garment 

 in the sterilising room, it is certain that, if all the stearin in the 7-gram 

 pot is melted before the removal of the garments, the exposure has 

 been sufficient both as regards period and temperature to kill the eggs 

 of Pediculus humanus. If all the stearin in the 10-gram pot is melted, 

 it indicates greater heat or longer exposure than is necessary. 



The question of the possibilities of an altered relation between the 

 melting of the stearin and the killing of the eggs with a short-period 

 exposure to a higher temperature was tried. Eggs and stearin were 

 exposed together and the stearin proved more resistant than the eggs. 

 When the temperature was rapidly raised from 70° F. to 177° F. within 

 20 minutes, the eggs were killed while the 7 grams of stearin were 

 not quite melted. A rise to 180° F. in 15 minutes was just sufficient to 

 melt all the stearin, the eggs being killed. Again, a rise in 12 minutes 

 to 179° F. killed all the eggs, but left a central disc of stearin immelted 



(C400) 



