170 



capital. The problem of immunisation against bovine piroplasmosis 

 has not yet been satisfactorily settled in Argentina. The value of the 

 so-called vaccines against the disease that are placed on the market 

 is still in dispute, some persons contending that the utihsation of these 

 vaccines is practically identical with the simple process of an injection 

 of parasitised blood from immune animals, and that the latter method 

 is preferable ; others report the successful use of them. The Instituto 

 Biologico de la Sociedad Rural Argentina has just been inaugurated 

 for the purpose of studying such problems. 



The paper concludes mth a quotation of Mohler's description of the 

 immunisation of susceptible cattle [see this Review, Ser. B, ii, p. 102b]. 



McCuLLocH (Lieut.-Col. C. C). Sanitation in the Trenches.— JZ. 

 Amer. Med. Assoc, Chicago, III, Lxix, nos. 2 & 3, 14th & 21st July 

 1917, pp. 81-87 & 183-185, 4 figs. 



This sketch briefly outlines the essential points in the prophylaxis 

 of the most common and important diseases on the Western Front in 

 Europe and includes descriptions of anti-fly latrines and of methods 

 of destroving lice. There is also a note on malaria prophylaxis. 



Gumming (J. G.) & Senftner (H. F.). The Prevention of endemic 

 Typhus in California. — Jl. Amer. Med. Assoc., Chicago, III, lxix, 

 no. 2, 14th July 1917, pp. 98-104, 2 figs. 



Early in 1916 typhus began to appear in California among newly 

 arriving Mexican immigrants employed in railway section camps. 

 From 1st June to 1st October 1916, 26 cases occurred, with one death. 

 The railway authorities co-operated in the carrying out of the special 

 typhus control regulations. These included the enforcement of louse- 

 eradication measures in the section camps ; the estabhshment of 

 observation camps ; and the reporting to the State of all new arrivals 

 from Mexico. The typhus incidence dropped rapidly and since 

 4th January 1917 no case has been reported in California. In October 

 1916 there was louse infestation to the extent of 35 per cent, for 

 Pediculus hmnanus (vestimenti) and 60 per cent, for P. capitis, while 

 on 1st March 1917 reinspection showed no body lice and only 1 per 

 cent, head lice. 



Cameron (A. E.). The Relation of Soil Insects to Climatic Conditions. 



—Agric. Gaz., Canada, iv, no. 8, August 1917, pp. 663-669. 



In the course of this paper the author, in discussing the association 

 of certain species of insects with various altitudes, mentions the fact 

 that a few species of Tabanids have been captured in British Columbia 

 at an altitude of 8,500 feet ; these include Pangonia fera, Will., and 

 Tabanus comastes. Will, the latter having been taken in copula, 

 indicating that the breeding ground was not far distant. T. cotmistes 

 is also common at lower altitudes, and T. sequax, Will., occurs at 

 altitudes ranging from 2,000 to 5,000 ft. 



