172 



transmission of malaria. On the other hand, direct transmission of the 

 virus by means of infected blood occurred under experimental 

 conditions in the guinea-pig and monkey. It is obvious that a 

 quarantine of at least 21 days is necessary in dealing with an infected 

 unit — allowing 6-10 days for the evolution of the virus in the louse, and 

 6-10 days for the incubation of the virus in man — after the last man 

 of the unit has been freed from lice. There is the possibility, suggested 

 by a single positive experimental result, of the transmission of the 

 virus from an infected female louse to the ova, but experience shows 

 the risk of such transmission to be negligible. 



Vaughan-Kirby (F.). Game and Game Preservation in Zululand.— 



S. African Jl. Science, Cape Town, xiii, no. 9, April 1917, pp. 375- 

 396. [Received 19th September 1917.] 



The outcry against game as being the reservoir of trypanosomes and 

 against Glossina as the chief causal agent has been maintained for 

 many years with varying intensity, though at least two species of 

 animals in Zululand that have never been regarded as game are proven 

 hosts of Trypanosoma brucei ; these are the hyaena (presumably 

 Hyaena crocuta), and the bush-pig, Potamochaems chaeropotamus, the 

 latter being a great wanderer and existing in incredibly large numbers. 

 It has been argued that in Natal and the Transvaal tsetse-fly has died 

 off through the destruction of its food-supply, the buffalo and kudu, by 

 rinderpest. The zebra and wildebeeste were however immune and 

 remained in large numbers and these would have furnished an ample 

 supply of food, apart from such bush-pig, buffalo and kudu as 

 survived. In the Transvaal the fly has never occurred again in the 

 game preserve. It is considered probable that a certain number were 

 killed by absorbing the blood of animals infected with rinderpest and 

 this diminution in numbers may have been accentuated bv existing 

 climatic conditions. 



In 1916 a proclamation authorised the destruction of the different 

 species of game supposed to be responsible for the spread of nagana 

 in all areas of Zululand, with the exception of game reserves and 

 certain special shooting areas, where, owing to the presence of water 

 and dense bush, and the proximity of the game reserves, nagana might 

 be considered to be endemic, and in which game could be shot upon 

 payment of a reduced fee. 



The fact of allowing natives, who own stock and do not really 

 believe in the harmfulness of the tsetse, to live in endemic centres of 

 nagana and to move their infected cattle about, taken in conjunction 

 with their careless herding arrangements, constitutes a grave danger 

 to the community at large, which can only be counteracted by the 

 segregation of infected stock. 



It is generally admitted that the relation between tsetse-fly and 

 game varies greatly in different localities, one authority declaring, 

 that so far it is not possible to find fly except in areas where game 

 abounds, while another remarks on its prevalence in the almost 

 complete absence of game. 



Another form of trypanosomiasis occurs in Zululand, known as 

 " Munca," which some natives clearly distinguish from nagana, while 

 others say that the word merely indicates the same disease. It is 



