188 



kidneys of seven out of eight patients dying of typhus in Japan ; 

 also in the urine of six out of seven other typhus patients, and in the 

 kidneys, urine^ and suprarenal glands of a rhesus monkey injected 

 with the blood of a human being suffering from typhus fever, while 

 it did not occur in six other monkeys presumed to be normal. This 

 virus is filterable and has been found in lice by the same investigator, 

 while Nicolle in 1909 and 1910 showed that the clothes louse [Pediculvs 

 humanvs] carries the virus, that it can pass on the disease only after 

 the lapse of three or four days, and only over a period of four days. 



Castellani (Lieut.-Col. A.). Notes on Tropical Diseases met with in 

 the Balkanic and Adriatic Zones. — Jl. Trop. Med. Hyg., London, 

 XX, nos. 14-19; 16th July, 1st & 15th August, ist & 15th 

 September, 1st October 1917 ; pp. 157-164, 170-174, 181-186, 

 198-202, 209-214, 219-223. 



These notes are based on the author's work in Serbia, Macedonia, 

 etc., and, while little scientific importance is claimed for them, it is 

 hoped that they may be of use tc medical officers in those regions. 



The prophylaxis of malaria should include both anti-mosquito 

 measures and the preventive administration of quinine. Citronella 

 oil is the best repellent, but a more agreeable preparation is a powder 

 composed of menthol 2-5 grains and zinc oxide 1 oz. Papataci fever 

 is widespread. Phlehoiomus ■papafasii being extremely common. 



MacGregor (M. E.). A Summary of our Knowledge of Insect Vectors. 



— Jl. Trop. Med. Hyg., London, xx, no. 18, 15th September 1917, 

 pp. 205-209. 



This summary deals with the more important insect-borne diseases, 

 including important diseases of man, which are suspected of having 

 insect vectors. The chief insects and Arachnids that are directly the 

 cause of disease in man and domestic animals are tabulated. 



EouBAUD (E.). Les Anopheles francais, des Regions non palustres, 

 sont-ils aptes a la Transmission du Paludisme ? [Are the French 

 Anophelines from non-malarial Regions able to transmit Malaria ?] 

 — C. R. Hebdom. Acad. Sciences, Paris, clxv, no. 12, 17th 

 September 1917, pp. 401-403. 



The fact that the geographical distribution of AnopJieles in Europe, 

 especially in France, covers so much larger an area than that of endemic 

 malaria, Anophelines being found in large numbers in regions formerly 

 unhealthy and in fact everywhere when looked for systematically, 

 has led to the conclusion that the absence of malaria in certain 

 districts must be due to a natural immunity on the part of the mosquitos, 

 since the recent introduction of the malarial virus by infected 

 individuals from the colonies has not resulted in outbreaks of the 

 disease. With a view to testing the truth of this theory, experiments 

 were conducted on A. macidipennis, which had been taken in the 

 larval stage from the neighbourhood of Paris, the human carriers 

 being malaria convalescents from the Pasteur Institute who offered 

 themselves as subjects. Out of six experiments performed, four 

 conclusively proved the fallacy of the theory, the mosquitos in each 



