Wenyox (C. M.). Experiments on the Behaviour of LrisJi innniii 

 and allied Plagellates in Bugs and Fleas, with some Remarks on 

 Previous Work.—.//, /.oiul. Sc/i. Tm/,. Med. II. Pi. 1. Dec. 

 1912. pp. i;V2(). 



Tl was first shown by Pattou tliat tlie parasiie of Indian kala 

 azar would develop into llage]lates in the <>'n< of Cinicv rnfuii- 

 (latiis. More recently Patton has repeated these experiment^; 

 not only with Cimcc rotunclafus but also with (J. lecfuhirius. In 

 the latter series of experiments he found that the flagellate forms 

 first produced give rise ultimately to small post-flagellate forms 

 whicli have no flagellura. It is these post-flagellate forms whicli 

 Patton thinks enter the body when the infected bug bites (prob- 

 ably by a regurgitation from tlie stomach of the bug) and give 

 rise io kala azar. The direct transmission of Iwthi azai' to animals 

 by the bug has not been effected. 



In 1910 the autlior discovered tliat tlie bed-bug of liagdad 

 {Cijuex rotiiudntus't) would take up Lcixhununa from Oriental 

 sore and that in it the parasites developed into flagellate forms. 

 This observation was later confirmed by Pattou, who was working 

 with Orieiital sore in Cambay in India. Pattou came to th.e 

 conclusion that the bug was also the transmitter of Oriental sore. 

 In the author's report on (Oriental sore he contested the view 

 that the bed-bug was the transmitter of Oriental sore and kala 

 azar, and explained th.e development which took place in the 

 bug as comparabh^ with that wjiich LeisJnnaiila would undergo 

 ^\"hen introduced into blood-agar media in a test-tubo. 



Pattou rejects ihe author's view as to deve]oi)ment in the bug 

 on the ground that the following Arthi'opoda — Cide.r fafif/ans, 

 An()/)lieles (XrocelUn) sfephensi , Sfcf/o/ni/ia sur/nis, Oniifliodofvx 

 .^n ri(j)i i/i , rediciii us capiijs, and Pediculus ]iiniin/ius (resti'menfi) 

 — do not permit of these ])arasites develoi)ing to the flagellate 

 stage, and that C*ambay boil will not develoj) in Sferjoniyla. The 

 author experimented with Sfrf/oiiii/in in Bagdad and found 

 flagellate forms in a large i)ercentage which had been fed on 

 diseased jiersons and none in those fed on liealtiiy persons. 

 Patton thinks there is some error of observation and that these 

 flagellate forms seen were not really those of Jyelshniatiln. The 

 author h()](U his observations to be correct and that Patton's 

 negative results are inconclusive. 



The question as to whether the gut of the bed-bng affords a 

 suitable culture-tube for flagellates the autlior regards as settled 

 in the affirmative, and thinks it probable that the gut of the 

 arthropods above-nauied contain some substance injurious to 

 Leislnumtia. In in^oof of the innocuous nature of the contents 

 of the gut of the bed-bug, he cites (1) his own observation that 

 the spirochaetes of relapsing fever will remain active therein for 

 seven days, and appear normal in stained films after three weeks 

 in the bug's gut; (2) Brumpt's observation that SrlLizofrypainuii 



(28112—2.) Wt. P2601. 2.500 2/1:5. D & 8, 



