13 



il)e Pliilippiiies. Tlic ;iiitlu)r''s first enquiry was into the dis- 

 l^ersal of the lice of this 1)utt!ih» and their role in the transmission 

 of Trupanosoma evansi. The transmission of T. leinisi hy the 

 ap:ency of lire has heen effected ])y many woi'kers, l)ut it does 

 not appear that T. evansi lias been experimentally transmitted. 

 Observations were made on four beosts, two had been kei)t for 

 3 months in screened stalls and two others in a separate shed, 

 bnt not screened. The blood was reo'ularly examined, the tem- 

 perature token and o'uinea-])io's inoculated with the blood. At 

 the end of (i Aveeks, neither luiffidos nor <^'uinea-pi<^s sho\vin.<4' 

 any trace of trypanosonies, the fornier were reg'arded as suit- 

 able for observation. On rjtli Dec. !!)](), a Ihousand lic!> 

 (//aenidfopinu.-i hifvhercuhif us, Nitzsch) were colle(^ted from a 

 carabao heavily infected with trypanosonies. These were divided 

 into five lots of 200 eaidi ; one lot was set aside as a conti'ol, 

 but all died within 3 days. Two hours after removal from the 

 infected host one lot was placed on the hair of carabao No. 8 

 (screened stall) and 10 hours later another lot on carabao No. T 

 (screened stall). I'wenty-four hours after removal from their 

 infected host a lot was ])laced on carabao No. 16 (unscreened 

 stall) and the next day carabao No. IT (unscreened stall) 

 leceived the last lot of lice. The beasts were then all seg-re- 

 pated in fly-screened stalls. All remained normal till l\vd Jan. 

 1011, 22 days after introduction of the lice, when No. 8 became 

 feverish and the blood showed tryjianosomes (1 per 50 fields, 

 l-12tli obj.). A g'uinea-pifi' (Al) was inoculated with 8 cc. 

 blood from the ear of this carabao and daily blood examinations 

 were made. On 9th Jan. No. 8 which had remained normal 

 since the last rise now reg-istered 40-2 C ° (104-;;ro). On 10th 

 Jan. a native horse and two <iuinea-pios were inoculated with 

 its bhiod and 8 days later the hoise showed trypanosomes in its 

 blood. The Idood of otiiiira-])i,i4- Al thou<>]i examined daily 

 showed no try})anos()nies until 21 days after inoculation. The 

 others inoculated with the horse showed them in 10-12 days. 

 Tlie other three carabaos after a month showed no sio'ns of 

 infection, either by temiiei'ature or blood tests. 



How far the lice may act as carriers of surra the author is not 

 prepared to state. It would seem that they must find a new 

 host within a few hours of the death of the i)revious one and 

 bepin their attack almost at once. The lice have been observed 

 not to (dianpe their position until the body of the dead host 

 has become quite cold. The quantity of hair on the beast is an 

 important factor, old animals shed mucdi of their hair and 

 tlierefore have few lice. TJie author thinks tliat wliere beasts 

 are confined in considerable numbers, e.r/., in ((uarantine, and 

 contact is probable, ex(dunipe of lice may take place to a con- 

 siderable extent. Beasts that have ample ojijiortunity of bathinp- 

 and wallowinp have fewer lice than others. The author cites 

 ( ases of Indo-Chinese bulhxdvs dyinp of surra and infested by lice 

 undistinp'uishable from tliose of the carabao. Rx])eriments are 

 beinp' made as to the ])ossible transmission of carabao lice to 

 this varietv of bullock. 



