29 



down the flies, to maintain a constant supervision of these walls, 

 as holes made by ants and wood lice were found to harbour them. 



The author details a number of precautions to be taken in 

 these barracks, which practically resolve themselves into the 

 facing of walls, the removal of heaps of stones and the blocking 

 of all holes which might serve as shelter places for the flies ; 

 also, covering the ventilators with fine-meshed wire gauze, and 

 the cleaning of all rough, made ground from weeds, so that all 

 holes may be discovered and filled up with beaten earth. The 

 encouragement of gardening on such grounds is, he thinks, also 

 desirable. Large embankments should be planted with native 

 aromatic plants such as thyme, pennyroyal, &c., and kept well 

 earthed. 



AVithin the barracks themselves, he advises free ventilation, 

 and the keeping of bed-cots away from the walls ; kits, great coats, 

 and black kit bags should be taken down and removed from the 

 walls daily, as these are a harbour of refuge for the fly during 

 daylight; and lastly ointment should be provided for the use 

 of the men, 1 oz. ofVhich, if used as directed, will easily last a 

 man through the summer. 



Vegetation per se does not appear to have any connection with 

 the breeding places of the sand-fly, but trees against a house 

 attract them, owing to the protection against the wind afl'orded by 

 them. 



AusTEx (E. E.) A New Species of Hippohosca from Northern 

 Rhodesia. — Bull. Entmn. Research, iii, pt. 4, Dec. 1912, 

 p. -417. 



This is an extremely small species found at Xawalia, Xorth 

 Eastern Rhodesia, 21. "ix. 1911, on haartebeeste {AlcephaJus lich- 

 tensteini, Peters). 



ScoEDO (Dr. F.). Sulla questione della transmissibilita del Kala- 

 Azar per mezzo di alcuni insetti ematofagi. [On the possible 

 transmission of kala-azar by certain blood-sucking insects.] — 

 Malaria e Malattie del Paesi Caldi, iv, pt. 1, Jan. 1913, pp. 

 20-32. 

 The author, after reviewing the cases of transmission of Leish- 

 mania reported by various authors and detailing a number of 

 experiments by himself as to the capacity of mosquitos for taking 

 up Leishmania, points out certain difficulties as to the acceptance 

 of many of the results obtained as a basis for a generalisation. 

 He emphasises the fact that in those countries in wdiich the per- 

 centage of infected dogs is possibly large, and in which neither 

 fleas, bugs nor mosquitos are in any sense deficient, children 

 affected with kala-azar are often not to be found, despite their 

 constant and intimate association with dogs; and it appears to 

 him remarkable that in those countries where kala-azar is en- 

 demic the number of cases is relatively small. Sergent has 

 recently discovered that in Algeria there are cats apparently 



