33 



lu France, besides the district of Moutpellier and tlie Alpes- 

 Maritimes from which it has been recorded, Eouyer considers 

 that it occurs also in the departments of the Basses- and Hautes- 

 Alpes and even in the Isere, Mont Genevre, the district of Briangon 

 and the Valley of I'Osians. In the near future this list will 

 probably be increased considerably. Rouyer also suggests that 

 its distribution is probably being extended by the movement of 

 sheep to and fro from the mountains. 



Maechoux (E.) & CouvY (L.). Argas et Spirochetes. — Bull. Soc. 

 Path. Exot., V, no. 10, Dec. 1912, pp. T96-T98. 



Button and Todd were the first to discover in the organs of 

 Ornitliodorus mouhata the presence of small rounded bodies with 

 a central point, which they supposed might be stages in the 

 evolution of Spirochaeta duttoni. Later Leishman described 

 under the name of " granules " certain small coloured bodies 

 which were found in abundance in all the tissues of O. mouhata 

 and in all phases of its development, even in the egg, and he 

 considered that these were ultimately transformed into Spiro- 

 cheta. Balfour found these granules in Argas persicus and 

 showed that they were derived from the segmentation of spirilla 

 in the digestive tube. This has been confirmed by Fantham and 

 Hindle, but spirilla were not found in the Acarid except for a 

 few days immediately following the infected meal, and the 

 inoculation of the tissues of these ticks, containing no spirilla 

 but crowded with granules, has caused spirillosis in susceptible 

 animals ; so that one must assume that these granules are capable 

 of carrying infection. The authors have already shown that 

 spirilla are constantly present in the general body cavity of 

 Argas persicus kept at a temperature of 27° C, and they have 

 found them 45 days after a meal in 90 per cent, of the ticks and 

 also in certain individuals kept in the laboratory at 15° C. without 

 food for 11 months. 



The authors suggest that as the spirilla are exceedingly minute, 

 they may have been injected with the granules in the experiments 

 cited. They have themselves experimented with Argas vespertilionis 

 from Timbuctu. Six specimens were found to contain granules 

 identical with those of Leishman. They were caused to bite bats, 

 their exclusive hosts, and the results were negative. They also 

 examined specimens of Rhipicephalus ricinus taken in the west 

 of France from a healthy dog. Ten of these contained large 

 quantities of Leishman granules, which elongated when kept at 

 a temperature of 37° C. for 3 days. They found them also in 

 numerous specimens of Laelaps ecliidninus . It would thus 

 appear that these Leishman granules are to be found in all 

 Acarids and that they have no connection with Spirocheta. 



Stanton (A. T.). On the changes which occur in certain characters 

 of Anopheles larvae in the course of their growth. — Bull. 

 Entom. Research, iii, pt. 4, Dec. 1912, pp. 387-391, 6 figs. 

 It is generally admitted that the ability to determine species 



of Ajiopheles by an examination of their larvae would place a 



