41 



Methods of destruction.— ')^\ie luitliors liiive experimeuted witli 

 BuiiHower oil and fuimd that if sprayed on to tlie surface of 

 water it had a teudeucy to form minute "lobules instead of an 

 even layer ; the use of a cloth dipped in the oil and dragged over 

 the surface is the best and most economical method. An even 

 layer of oil destroys the larvae and pupae in 3-4 hours, but if 

 globules are formed they will live for as many days. 



The paper concludes with detailed descriptions of the eggs of 

 Ochlerotatuti oniatus, Mg., and of AnopJieles nigripes, Staeger, 

 and some notes on their development. 



KiNGiioiiN (A.) & YoEKE (W.). Further observations on the 

 Trypanosomes of Game and Domestic Stock in North Eastern 

 Rhodesia. — Ann. Trop. Med. cj- Fara.ntol., Licerpoul, vi, 

 no. 4, Dec. 1912, pp. 485-487. 



The authors record in detail the results of the examination of 

 a total of 127 head of game, comprising 19 genera, at Nawalia, 

 trypanosomes having been found in 38 by direct examination, 

 by inoculation, or by both methods. At Ngoa, 124 head were 

 examined and 21 were found to be infected. The authors place 

 the percentage of game infected near Nawalia at 50, and near 

 Ngoa at 35. No data exist as to the ultimate effect of infection on 

 game ; all the animals shot appeared to be in perfect condition 

 and presented no objective signs of disease. Certain differences 

 in the percentage of infection were observed in various species 

 of game, which the authors think may possibly be explained by 

 tlieir habits. 



Kudu, bushbuck and waterbuck are usually found in thick 

 cover, from which they seldom emerge and in which they are 

 more constantly exposed to the bites of tsetse-flies. Mpala, puku 

 and wildebeest are found in open country, spending the greater 

 part of the day on the wide bare plains where the fly is much 

 less numerous than in the bush ; but the authors are of opinion 

 that specific differences in the immunity enjoyed by buck are 

 probably of greater importance. At a village 40 miles south-west 

 of Nawalia only two head of cattle were found to be left out of 

 a large herd which existed there some four or five years ago ; 

 one of these was in good condition, the other sick. At the end 

 of August 1911 and again at the beginning oi April 1912, numbers 

 of goats were to be found in several of the villages on the main 

 road from Nawalia to Fort Jameson, but by the end of April 1912 

 not a single animal was alive; G. iiwrsitans was found around, 

 all these villages. It has been suggested that small vermin might 

 also act as reservoirs of trypanosomiasis, but of 164 such animals 

 examined none were found infected. The authors are of opinion 

 that the nocturniil habits of these creatures affords the exi)lana- 

 tion, in that they are not bitten by the fly. No less than 25G 

 monkeys were also examined, without result, and it appears to 

 the authors probable that the monkeys catch the tsetses before 

 they have time to bite, though they are frequeiitly' bitten by 

 mosquitos when they are asleep at night. 



