55 



Yakimoff (W. L.) & Kohl-Yakimoff (Niua). Canine Leish- 

 maniasis. — Zeifs. f. wiss. pmld. Veterindrmedicin, Dorpat, 

 Russ., 1912. (Reviewed in Ann. Med. Vet. Curephem), 

 no. 1, Jan. 1913, pp. 28-29. 



The authors examined the bodies of 299 dogs in Tunis and 

 discovered the organisms of leishmaniasis in five. They are of 

 opinion that ticks are not the carriers of the infection, as in none 

 of tlie cases examined does this appear to have been jjossible. 



RouBAUD (E.). Relations bio-geographiques des Glossines et des 

 Trypanosomes. [The bio-geographical relations of Glossina 

 and Trvpanosomes.] — Bull. Sac. Path. Exot., vi, no. 1, 1913, 

 pp. 28-i34. 



The author refers to the results of work done by himself in 

 1906 to 1908 in which he recorded the inconstancy and rarity 

 of salivary infection by trypanosomes in Glossina and the con- 

 clusion at'whicli he arrived that local climatic conditions possibly 

 had a considerable influence in bringing about this irregularity, 

 and also that it might be possible that races of flies existed 

 characterised by diiierent properties in regard to the develop- 

 ment of trypanosomes in their salivary glands. Practical 

 experience has shown that not all tsetses which are allowed to 

 bite an infected person develop trypanosomes in these glands. 

 He has also observed that in Lower Dahomey, T. eazalboui 

 predominated in G. longipalpis and palpalis; T. dimorj)hon in 

 longipalpis and tachinoides ; T. pecnudi in lonr/ipalpis. In ITpper 

 Daiiomey T. pecaudi predominates in G. morsitans ; in C'asamance 

 T. dimorphon was the most widespread form and was found 

 especially in G. morsitans. Inasmuch as the flies obtain the 

 infection from a great variety of animals whose mode of life 

 is practically the same, the difference in receptivity of the flies 

 would appear to depend upon what the author calls the bio- 

 geographical conditions to which the flies themselves are subject, 

 and he has made observations on G. paljmUs in relation to 

 T. cazalhoui in diiferent districts which more or less accord with 

 this theorv. Thus at Brazzaville, Middle Congo, 4-8 per cent. 

 (41 flies) were found to be thus infected; at Agouagon, Central 

 ])ahomey, 40 per cent.; at Kolda, ITpper Casamance, per cent. 

 For the same, or for an analogous virus, Bouifard gives 38-6 per 

 cent, at Bamako, in the French Sudan; while in Uganda Bruce 

 and his co-workers recorded 20 per cent, for T. vivax. These 

 differences are especially marked between G. palpalis from Central 

 Dahomey and Bamako (which are easily infected in apparently 

 tlie same proportions) and those of ITpper Casamance which 

 under the vsame seasonal conditions (dry season) he has never 

 been able to infect in a single case, in spite of repeated 

 attempts on infected animals of different kinds. These remark- 

 able differences of receptivity, obtained experimentally, are 

 absolutely confirmed by the examination of the natural conditions 

 of infection with T. eazalboui of flies captured in the open in 

 these same localities. At Kolda out of 560 flies captured and 

 examined only one case of infection of the proboscis could be 



