60 



the name of " cliigodoro," whicli signifies "swellings." A 

 disease with the same name was reported from Livingstonia, North 

 Nyasa, and on his way thither the Veterinary Officer examined 

 numbers of cattle at intervals with the same result. He obtained 

 evidence that this disease had been very prevalent in North Nyasa 

 for a number of years before it reached Momberas and that the 

 majority of the cattle there are now immune to it. At villages in 

 which there had been great loss for two or three consecutive years 

 it was observed by the natives that adult cattle now escape and 

 that only calves are attacked, of which a percentage recover; 

 again, where they have escaped the disease altogether until now, 

 adults as well as young stock are attacked. 



The Brown Tick, Rhipicephaliis a ppendiculatus , is very preva- 

 lent in Momberas country, in North Nyasa and also in the Zomba 

 and Blantyre districts. It has been clearly shown that if an 

 infected area be kept absolutely clear of cattle for 14 months it 

 may then be safely re-stocked, and the Veterinary Officer is of 

 opinion that this practice should be carried out. At the same 

 time he points out that there are probably still a few small areas 

 in Momberas country which have not yet been visited by the 

 disease and to wliich it will certainly find its way in due course, 

 but eventually this will be for the common good of the cattle 

 industry of the district by still further increasing the already very 

 general immunity. Nevertheless the clearing of infected 

 areas for 14 months at a time should be practised. There is no 

 reason to suspect the existence of the disease in Zomba and Blan- 

 tyre at present, but it is possible that it occurred in these parts 

 before it was heard of in the northern district. 



From the Mpasassi to the Dwangwa and also in a large area 

 on the south bank of the Dwangwa, there are no cattle. The 

 grazing is fairly good and the Veterinary Officer thinks this 

 would make a very suitable quarantine area for the removal of 

 cattle from Momberas. The eradication of the ticks from an 

 infected area should be assisted by burning the grass. The grass 

 should be preserved unburnt as long as possible till just before 

 the rains commence, thus giving an opportunity for as many of 

 the ticks as possible to hatch out and attach themselves to the 

 grass in waiting for a host, when they cannot escape the ravages 

 of a grass fire. 



If the grass be burnt too early the eggs and newly hatched 

 ticks will still be hidden in the ground or under stones and will 

 to a very large extent escape the effects of the fire. 



Hadwen (Seymour). Preliminary note on the finding of Hypodenna 

 hovis at Agassiz, B.C., together with notes on the Biology of the 

 Fly.— P/'oc. Br. Columbia Entom. Soc, 1912, pp. 81-82. 



Up to the present time Hypoderma lineata has been considered 

 to be the warble-fiy of North America. During the summer of 

 1912 six specimens of H. hovis were captured attacking cattle, 

 and seven flies were bred from pupae. The average time taken for 

 the emergence of flies from the pupa was 34'7 days. This is the 

 first record of the sjiecies for Canada, and probably for North 

 America. 



