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shows lliat even after years of dipping ticks will be found, but 

 speaking- from a practical point of view, they are so rare that 

 Ihey have to be searched for. One farmer states that there are 

 now hardly 1 per cent, of the ticks as compared witli 5 years ago; 

 others say that ticks only disappear after 2 years of constant dip- 

 ping and that the tortoisesbell and brown ticks are still present 

 after 3 years. The long persistence of the "striped-leg tick" 

 {Hyalomma aegyptium) is possibly due to the fact that the inter- 

 mediate stages live on birds. 



The ticks which live on domesticated stock are also found on 

 game and certain classes of other wild animals. The brown tick 

 for instance is very common on hares and antelopes. The larvae 

 and nymphs of the " bont-legged tick" are sometimes found on 

 game, and thus the presence of birds and game tends to maintain 

 the ticks. It is stated by the farmers that formerly duikers were 

 smothered with ticks and that now none can be found on them. 

 Similar statements are made concerning reedbuck, vaal rhebuck, 

 haartebeeste, oribi, wild cat and hares. Some farmers, however, 

 reported that there are just as many ticks on these animals as 

 ever. Nearly all statements concerning ticks on the bushbuck 

 indicate that the dipping of cattle has in no way affected these 

 animals, and it is pointed out that the cattle do not go into the 

 bush where these buck live and accordingly the ticks are not 

 destroyed. Similar reasons may account for the farms where 

 the duikers, reedbuck and hares were still infested. 



Incidentally, dipping has greatly reduced a number of other 

 troubles by removing the cause of irritation. Hair-balls have 

 almost disappeared in calves, as the animals no longer feel under 

 the necessity of licking themselves ; but one of the most unex- 

 pected results is the practically complete disappearance of white 

 scour in calves. The author says that the statements to this effect 

 are almost unanimous. One farmer records that before dipping he 

 lost half his calves from this disorder, and since dipping he has 

 lost only G out of 180. Previous to dipping it was said to be 

 almost impossible to rear calves when their mothers were milked 

 twice daily. Navel ill is also reported to have disappeared. Eed- 

 water is said by some farmers to have become a thing of the past, 

 and instances are quoted where cattle were safely introduced on 

 to farms where previously 50 per cent, and more died. One 

 farmer stated that Cape coavs used to die in a fortnight after 

 arrival; but he bought 40 between January and October last, and 

 has now lost only 2. One particular instance is specially 

 illustrative. A farmer re-stocked his farm with cattle from the 

 upper districts. The dip was flooded out last October and owing 

 to damage to the railway he could not procure arsenite of soda, so 

 that for three weeks his cattle were not dipped. He lost about a 

 dozen out of 30 head from red-water, but as soon as he recom- 

 menced dipping, red-water disappeared, and on many of the farms 

 thoroughbred bulls have now been imported and no case of red 

 water has occurred. The statements as to gall sickness are not 

 quite so uniform, though it appears to have diminished. Other 

 farmers report excellent results from dipping their horses and 

 doo-s. Biliarv fever has become rare and it is possible to rear 



