114 



•district, in 1911, in comparison Mitli 1910. It was ascertained 

 that the defence zone in the latter district which had been fixed 

 at 3 km. in 1910 and 1911 had been crossed by immense numbers 

 of Anopheles wacuUpennis, whereas at Montebello a zone of 

 1,500 metres, and at Tourville and Sainte-Leonie of 1,000, has 

 been found to be quite sufficient. The first autumnal rain-storms 

 always seem to drive the Anopheles into human habitations, the 

 subsequent warm weather in 1910 causing a particularly severe 

 invasion. A. vtacitUpennis were found in two swampy regions 

 formerly considered devoid of Anophelines, one near the Douar 

 Magra near Barika, and the other at Ain-Sennour near Souk- 

 Ahras. A phenomenon peculiar to the Seybouse Valley and the 

 neighbourhood of Bone is that the numerous adult Anopheles 

 persist from the autumn until mid-winter, frequently until the 

 end of February. In the Mitidja, however, which is subject 

 to the same climatic conditions, the flies disappear from 

 November. Dr. Hubert observed in Oued-el-Alleug that all the 

 inhabitants of one street facing open ditches at a distance of about 

 500 metres suffered from malaria, w^hereas no cases occurred in 

 the adjoining block. The Anophelines evidently found nourish- 

 ment close at hand and therefore had no inducement to fly further 

 afield. A large number of cases are reported from the communes 

 of Ain-Touta and El-Milia, whereas Dr. Aucaigne states that 

 Bourlier and Burdeau are exempt from malaria. 



In addition to the drying up of puddles, swampy districts, &c., 

 further progress regarding preventive measures has been made 

 in Algeria by the planting of Taxodium distichum , willows and 

 Eiicalypttis, especially in the Mitidja districts. Experiments at 

 Birtouta with sowing Azolla have failed. Especially in cellars, 

 fly-traps were extensively used, a simple and effective apparatus 

 ■consisting of a funnel containing some alcohol and fixed to the 

 end of a stick which is held to the ceiling and causes the flies to 

 ■drop off into the funnel. By this method more than 60,000 

 Anopheles were captured at Mondovi and Penthievre. The anti- 

 paludism campaign is being vigorously carried on by the autho- 

 rities, who distribute a large amount of educational literature 

 printed in French and Arabic, besides having- given away 850 

 kilograms of quinine preparations during 1910-1911. 



A mosquito, frog and dirt-proof tank. — Queensland Agric. Jl., 

 Jan. 1913, pp. 126-127. 



A galvanised iron tank fitted with Messrs. Lewis & jN'ewbury's 

 patent strainer is figured, which consists essentially of a conical 

 chamber or receptacle, within a closed tank, fitted with a draw- 

 off tap at the bottom and a strainer at the top outside the tank. 

 The water enters the chamber through this strainer from the 

 outside, so that frogs and mosquitos cannot enter the tank with 

 it. Any dirt settles in this conical container and can be drawn 

 •off' by the external tap, whilst the water which is intended to fill 

 the tank can only pass out of the dirt container through a pipe 

 Avhich is also covered with a fine gauze strainer. In addition to 



