118 



examination of the excreta of the flies failed to reveal the presence 

 of the bacteria, nor was it possible to infect milk by bringing" it 

 into contact with flies so bred. As regards the transmission of 

 typhus fever and dysentery by adult flies, the author elaborated 

 Auche's experiments and came to the conclusion that the bacteria 

 can retain their virulence when on the feet or proboscis, or in the 

 alimentary c^nal of the fly, whence they are eventually voided 

 with the excreta. Wherever flies have free access to victuals as 

 well as infectious human faeces the danger of epidemic typhus or 

 ■dysentery is great. 



Kleine (Dr. F. K.) & Eckaed (Dr. B.). Zur Epidemiologie der 

 Schlafkrankheit. [On the epidemiology of sleeping sickness.] 

 — Arch. /. Scliiffs- und Tropen-Hygiene, Leipzig, xvii, 

 no. 10, May 1913, pp. 325-328. 



The possibility of the formation of anti-bodies in tsetse-flies 

 infected with Trypanosoina congolense is of importance in ex- 

 plaining the sudden disappearance of sleeping sickness in certain 

 areas. The authors fed a large number of female Glossina daily 

 on monkeys and goats infected with that trypanosome, in order 

 to induce the formation of anti-bodies in the flies. After three 

 weeks the pupae deposited were collected, and later on, from 

 12th Sept. to 2nd Nov. 1912, the freshly emerged flies, 434 in all, 

 were fed on diflerent infected monkeys for 4 days, and then for a 

 fortnig'ht on healthy animals. On the 18th day the 402 surviving 

 flies were killed and examined, with the result that 11, i.e., 

 2"7 per cent., were found to be infected. Of 90 flies killed one 

 month after feeding on infected animals three infected ones were 

 found. Flies, of which the mothers had only been fed on diseased 

 animals, failed to show any infection after feeding on healthy 

 animals. The authors conclude that tsetse-flies infected with 

 trypanosomes do not produce anti-bodies that may be transmitted 

 to the next generation, nor can immunity be admitted as an 

 explanation of the long duration of sleeping-sickness. 



Brehme (H. H.). Notes on Mosquitos. — Entom. New^, Phil- 

 adelphia, xxiv, no. 6, June 1913, pp. 242-245. 



Owing to heavy showers in August 1912 mosquitos were 

 extremely prolific in the southern part of New Jersey, and 

 numerous complaints, especially from Barnegat Bay, were 

 received by the author, who is in charge of the mosquito exter- 

 mination work at the Agricultural Experiment Station, New 

 Brunswick, N.J. Aedes sollicitans proved to be the most trouble- 

 some species, and Culex pipiens predominated in Hudson Co., but 

 was controlled in Union Co. by the continued oiling and filling 

 in of the breeding places. Anopheles niaculipennis was very 

 abundant throughout the State, especially in swamps in 

 Mercer Co. A. punctipennis was extremely prolific near 

 Princeton. Odd specimens of A. crucians were found on the 



