122 



more to the list of Protozoa transmitted by these flies, and con- 

 stitutes the first case actually noted of the evolution of a Haemo- 

 gregarine in a biting Dipteron. It is the second case of an 

 insect intervening in the developmental cycle of these blood- 

 parasites, the first having been reported by Christophers in the 

 case of H. gerhilli. 



Mayer (T. F. G.). A New Mosquito-proof and Storm-proof House 

 for the Tropics. — Ann. Trap. Med. and Parasit., Liverpool, 

 vii, no. 1, olst March 1913, pp. 41-44, 1 pi. 

 Messrs. Humphreys Ltd. have designed for the author a mos- 

 quito-proof house which embodies a number of new principles. 

 It is constructed almost entirely of steel; where woodwork is 

 used the wood is specially treated to withstand the attacks of 

 termites and other insects. The house is built on a floor of con- 

 crete. The walls are continuous, consisting of a steel framing 

 filled in completely with a specially woven, strong mosqiiitO' 

 netting, placed between 2 layers of metal trellis-work, which 

 prevent bulging. The roof, which is shut off from the room 

 below by an asbestos ceiling, is ventilated by means of louvre 

 windows at each end. Should the breeze blowing through the 

 house be too strong or too cold, it can be cut off by shutters, 

 which are provided all round the house. The house may be 

 subdivided by screens and curtains but the chief aim in the 

 method of construction is to make wall space and available venti- 

 lation area practically synonymous. The author points out that 

 prophylactic treatment of malaria by mosquito protection alone, 

 without quinine, according to Celli, means an infection rate of 

 2*5 per cent., whereas in the case of no protection the rate of 

 infection is 33 per cent., and the use of quinine reduces these- 

 figures to 1"T5 per cent, and 20 per cent, respectively. 



Brumpt (E.). Evolution de Trypanosonia Jeicisi, dutfoni, nabiasi, 

 hlanchardi, chez les puces et les punaises. Transmission par 

 les dejections. Comparaison avec T. cruzi. [Evolution of 

 Trypanosoma lewisi, duttoni, nahiasi, blanchardi, in fleas 

 and bugs. Transmission by the excrement. Comparison 

 with T. cruzi.].— Bull. Soc. Fatli. Ea-ot., vi, no. 3, 12th 

 March 1913, pp. 167-171. 

 The author cites authorities to the effect that T. lejrisi is 

 easily transmitted to a healthy rat by means of fleas and also, 

 though not so easily, by the rat louse (HaeJnatopinus spinulosus). 

 Prowazek has made a complete study of the evolution of the 

 parasite in the rat louse and the life-cycle of T. lewisi has also 

 been studied by Minchin and Thomson. There is some diffi- 

 culty in understanding how the fleas transmit infection to the 

 rat. In many cases their role is mechanical, but normally they 

 act as true intermediary hosts. Minchin and Thomson think 

 that the fleas inoculate the rats with their proboscis. Strickland 

 and Swellengrebel, whilst admitting the possibility of this, dis- 

 covered thai it is easier to infect a rat by causing it to eat 



