123 



infected fleas pounded up with bread. The author experiment- 

 ing- with the fleas of swallows as intermediary hosts, says that 

 lie is now in a position to affirm tliat the method of transmission 

 is exclusively throug-h the excrement of the fleas, or if these 

 be wanting, by the content of the rectum of the fleas, provided 

 that this contains metacyclic trypanosomes. The author cites 

 his own experiments to show that the same is true of the content 

 of the rectum of bugs. Patton has shown that Leishmania 

 donovani could pass its life-cycle in bugs, Ciiiiex lectularins and 

 C. rotuiidatus. Wenyon and Patton have shown that Leish- 

 mania fiirunculosa can also pass its life-cycle in these insects, 

 and it is probable that the failure of these investigators to 

 induce infection was due to the fact that they did not inoculate 

 the dejecta of the infected bugs. So also Mediterranean Kala 

 Azar, though apparently inoculated by the fleas, is probably 

 transmitted by their dejecta, which either enter the digestive 

 tract through licking or by cutaneous contamination. T. 

 riihinoicitschi, found in the hamster, has been discovered in the 

 flea of that animal, TyjjJiJopsi/lla assimilis, and also in Cerato- 

 phyllus fasciatus and Ctenocephalus canis. The small meta- 

 cyclic trypanosomes are met with in the rectal ampulla. 

 T. nahiasi, which was first found in France in the blood of 

 domestic rabbits, has been found in England and in Sardinia 

 in wild rabbits, and the author discovered it in four rabbits out 

 of 29 at Chantilly. The life-cycle of this trypanosome accord- 

 ing to the author is passed entirely in the body of the rabbit 

 flea and it will not develop in the bug {C. lectvlari'us). Trypano- 

 soma hlanchardi, Brumpt, is developed in the flea (Cerafophyllvs 

 la vera ni) of a species of dormouse, and the author by cultivating- 

 some hundreds of these fleas has been able to follow its 

 development. This trypanosome will not develop in the flea of the 

 swallow or in the bug. T. dvttoni will, the author says, develop 

 with great ease in the flea of the swallow. In bugs the process is 

 comparable to that occurring in the case of T. lewisi. He thinks 

 that mice certainly infect themselves by licking off the dejecta of 

 the fleas when cleaning themselves or by eating fleas, which 

 amounts to the same thing; experiments made by the author with 

 voung mice tend to show that this is the case. 



Brumpt (E.). Immunite partielle dans les infections a Trypano' 

 soma cruzi, transmission de ce trypanosome par Cime.r 

 rotundatus. Role regulateur des botes intermediaires. Passage 

 a travers la peau. [Partial immunity in the case of infection 

 by Trypanosoma cruzi. Transmission of this Trypanosome 

 by Cimex rotundatus. Regulative role of intermediary 

 hosts. Passage through the skin.] — Bull. Soc. Path. Exot., 

 vi, no. 3, 12th March 1913, pp. 172-176. 



The question which the author set himself to answer was. 

 Can a subject infected in infancy by T. cruzi be further infected 

 in adult life by Conorrhinus? The first question to be settled 

 was whether virus received from Bahia was identical with that 



