125 



the bite of a single one of these leeches sutHeed to infect a green 

 frog, the blood of which became virulent to a red frog. It has 

 further been shown that it is possible in the laboratory to para- 

 sitise mice with T. leivisi of the rat, but this is not so in natnre, 

 and the author says that he has searched in A'ain for trypano- 

 somes in wild mice living in the same places as rats which were 

 commonly found to be parasitised. 



Thomson (Dr. D.). Sanitation in the Panama Canal Zone, Trinidad, 

 and British Guiana. — Ann. Tropical Medicine and Parasito- 

 logy, vii, no. 1, 31st March 1913, pp. 125-152, 3 pi. 



The author, who was sent on an expedition to study malarial 

 problems by the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, has 

 nothing but praise for the thoroughness with which the 

 Americans have converted the Panama Canal Zone from a white 

 man's grave into a district that compares favourably with 

 temperate countries. The anti-mosquito measures carried out 

 under the leadership of Colonel Gorgas, Chief Sanitary (Jfficer, 

 -demonstrate that the settling of the tropics by the Caucasian will 

 date from the completion of the Panama Canal. In contrast 

 with the energy displayed by the authorities at Panama, the 

 xiuthor remarks on the inadequacy of sanitary measures in 

 Trinidad, owing to the slowness of the authorities in giving 

 -either moral or financial support. With regard to auti-yellow- 

 fever work, there are no legal powers to enforce the abolition of 

 «aves gutters, which form permanent breeding grounds for 

 Stegomyia. In Biitish (Jniana more serious efforts are being 

 made, especially as it is an exceptionally difficult place to deal 

 with, all the sea-coast, including Georgetown, lying below the 

 level of the sea at high water. The amount of material avail- 

 able for filling in breeding* places of mosquitos is small. There 

 is not a single mosquito-proof house in Georgetown, but water- 

 barrels and tanks are carefully roofed so that mosquitos cannot 

 breed in them, and the streets are well paved. The majority 

 of the medical men in both colonies are thoroughly alive to all 

 that is required, and it is extraordinary how much they have 

 done unaided. But alone they cannot organise such a system 

 as that in Panama. That is a matter which requires the aid 

 ■of the community, and Col. Gorg-as lias stated emphatically 

 that his system has paid financially and that the money required 

 is well within the means of any tropical country. 



Duke (Dr. H. L.). Some Attempts to transmit Trypanosoma 

 gamhiense by wild Stomoxys: with a Note on the Intestinal 

 Fauna of these Flies. — Hep. of the Sleeping Sickness Com- 

 mission of the JRoyal Society, London, no. xiii, 1913, pp., 

 89-93, 3G figs. 



Wild Stomoxys (nigra and calcitrans) were caught on cattle 

 ;grazing around the foot of Mpumu Hill, Uganda. There had 

 been no epidemic of cattle trypanosomiasis in the immediate 

 neighbourhood of late. The flies were kept under the same 



